题目
A car of mass travelling on a straight horizontal road accelerates uniformly from a speed of to over a distance of .
(a) Find the time taken to travel the .
There is a constant resistance force of to the motion of the car.
(b) (i) Use an energy method throughout to find the average power of the car’s engine as the speed increases from to .
(ii) Find the steady speed that the car could maintain on the horizontal road if the engine is working at the power found in (b)(i).
题目中文翻译
一辆质量为 的汽车在水平直路上行驶,在 的距离内,从 匀加速至 。
(a) 求行驶这 所需的时间。
汽车运动时受到大小恒为 的阻力。
(b) (i) 全程使用能量方法,求汽车速率从 增加至 的过程中发动机的平均功率。
(ii) 如果发动机以 (b)(i) 中求得的功率工作,求汽车在水平道路上能够维持的稳定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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匀加速运动的平均速率是首末速率平均,直接用路程除平均速率求时间。
答题过程
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(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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严格按题目全程用能量法,发动机做功等于动能增加加克服阻力的功,再除时间。
答题过程
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The increase in kinetic energy is
The work against resistance is
Thus the engine does of work. Using the time from (a), its average power is
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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稳速时牵引力等于800,功率用上一问的未舍入值。
答题过程
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At steady speed the driving force equals the resistance, so