题目
Problem
A block of mass 5kg is being pulled straight down a line of greatest slope of a rough plane by a force of magnitude 20N. The plane is inclined at an angle of 10∘ to the horizontal and the 20N force acts at an angle of 35∘ above the line of greatest slope of the plane (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is 0.4. The speed of the block when it passes a point O is 2ms−1.
Find the speed of the block when it has moved 3m down the plane from O.
(6)
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 5kg 的物块,在大小为 20N 的力作用下,沿粗糙斜面的一条最大坡度线径直向下运动。斜面与水平面的夹角为 10∘,该 20N 的力作用方向在斜面的最大坡度线上方 35∘(见图)。物块与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 0.4。物块经过点 O 时的速率为 2ms−1。
求物块从 O 沿斜面向下运动 3m 后的速率。
(6)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
解法一
思路
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外力向斜面外拉,减少正压力;下坡时摩擦向上,先求恒加速度再求末速度。
答题过程
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Resolving perpendicular to the plane gives
R+20sin35∘=5(10)cos10∘,
so
R=F=37.768858924… N,0.4R=15.107543569… N.
Taking down the plane as positive,
20cos35∘+5(10)sin10∘−F=5a.
Thus a=1.991581240…ms−2. After moving 3 metres,
v2=22+2a(3)=15.949487440….
The required speed is
v=3.993680939…≈3.99 m s−1.
解法二
思路
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也可用初动能、外力功、重力功及摩擦功列能量方程,避免先求加速度。
答题过程
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The normal contact force is
R=50cos10∘−20sin35∘=37.768858924… N,
so friction has magnitude F=0.4R. The normal force does no work. Over 3 metres down the plane, the work-energy equation is
21(5)v2=21(5)(2)2+20cos35∘(3)+50sin10∘(3)−0.4R(3).
Substitution gives
v2=v≈15.949487440…,3.99 m s−1 (3 s.f.).