题目
The engine of a motorcycle can generate a maximum power of . The mass of the motorcycle and its rider is . The total resistance to the motion of the motorcycle and its rider is , where is the motorcyclist’s speed and is a constant.
The motorcyclist travels along a straight horizontal road under maximum engine power. When the motorcyclist’s speed is , his acceleration is .
(a) Show that .
The motorcyclist now travels up a straight hill under maximum engine power. The hill makes an angle of with the horizontal.
(b) Find the steady speed at which the motorcyclist travels up the hill.
题目中文翻译
一辆摩托车的发动机能够产生的最大功率为 。摩托车与骑手的总质量为 。摩托车与骑手运动所受的总阻力为 ,其中 是骑手的速率, 为常数。
骑手在水平直路上以发动机的最大功率行驶。当骑手的速率为 时,他的加速度为 。
(a) 证明 。
骑手现在以发动机的最大功率沿直山坡上行。山坡与水平面的夹角为 。
(b) 求骑手沿山坡上行时的稳定速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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105kW换成W,用P=Fv求牵引力,再把速度35代入阻力cv。
答题过程
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At , the driving force is
Newton’s second law along the horizontal road gives
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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稳速上坡合力零,但阻力仍随速度变。乘正速率v后解二次方程并舍负根。
答题过程
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At steady speed , the driving force balances the resistance and downslope weight component:
Thus
The roots are
Rejecting the negative root, the speed is