题目
A block of mass is pulled along a rough horizontal road by a constant force of magnitude acting at an angle of above the horizontal. The block moves in a straight line passing through two points and on the road, where . The coefficient of friction between the block and the road is .
(a) Find the work done against friction in moving the block from to .
The speed of the block at is .
(b) Use an energy method to find the speed of the block at .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的物块,在大小为 、方向在水平方向上方 的恒力作用下,沿粗糙水平道路运动。物块沿直线经过道路上的两点 和 ,其中 。物块与道路之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 求物块从 移动到 时克服摩擦力所做的功。
物块在 处的速率为 。
(b) 使用能量方法,求物块在 处的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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斜向上拉力减小正压力,摩擦功只取摩擦力乘120,不能与牵引功混合。
答题过程
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Vertical equilibrium gives
Hence the work done against friction is
(b)
解法一
思路
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按指定能量法,牵引力仅水平分量做功,减未舍入摩擦功等于动能增加。
答题过程
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The work done by the pulling force is joules. Using the unrounded frictional work from (a),
Therefore