题目
Particle of mass and particle of mass are free to move on a smooth horizontal plane. and are moving directly towards each other with speeds and respectively. and collide and the direction of motion of each particle is reversed by the collision. Immediately after the collision the speed of is .
(a) Find, in terms of and , an expression for the velocity of after the collision and hence show that .
subsequently hits a vertical wall which is perpendicular to the direction of motion of . The speed of after the impact with the wall is a quarter of its speed before the impact with the wall. There are no further collisions between and .
(b) Given that is an integer, determine the largest possible value of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 和质量为 的质点 可在光滑水平面上自由运动。 和 分别以 和 的速率迎面相向运动。 与 发生碰撞,碰撞使两个质点的运动方向均反转。碰撞后紧接着 的速率为 。
(a) 用 和 表示碰撞后 的速度,并由此证明 。
随后 撞上一面与其运动方向垂直的竖直墙壁。 撞墙后的速率是撞墙前速率的四分之一。 与 之间不再发生碰撞。
(b) 已知 为整数,确定 的最大可能值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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取P原方向为正,碰后P为负、Q反向为正;动量守恒给Q速度,再用正值限制质量。
答题过程
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Take ‘s initial direction as positive, and let be ‘s velocity after the collision. Conservation of momentum gives
Hence
Since reverses its original negative direction, . As ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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Q撞墙后与P同向,Q位于后方;为不追上P,Q回弹速率不能大于u/3,等速也不会相遇。
答题过程
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After hitting the wall, reverses again and has speed
It now moves in the same direction as and is behind it. For no further collision, must not be faster than :
Cancelling gives
Together with , this gives . Since is an integer, its largest possible value is .