题目
An athlete runs along a straight horizontal road. The athlete starts from rest and accelerates at reaching a speed of . The athlete maintains this speed of for before decelerating at back to rest. The athlete covers a total distance of in seconds.
(a) Sketch the velocity-time graph for the motion of the athlete.
(b) Find in terms of , and hence show that .
(c) Find the value of , giving a justification for your answer.
题目中文翻译
一名运动员沿水平直路跑步。运动员从静止开始以 的加速度加速,达到 的速率。运动员以 的速率保持运动 ,然后以 的减速度减速至静止。运动员在 秒内跑过的总路程为 。
(a) 画出运动员运动的速度—时间图的草图。
(b) 用 表示 ,并由此证明 。
(c) 求 的值,并说明答案的理由。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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图是先上升、后水平、再下降到零的梯形;总时间246秒,最大速度V。
答题过程
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Draw a velocity-time graph with axes labelled and . Join the points
with straight segments. Label the maximum velocity and the final time ; the initial gradient is and the final gradient is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用三段运动时间之和求T,再用速度图的面积表示总路程。
答题过程
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The acceleration and deceleration times are
Since the total time is ,
The area under the graph is the total distance, so
Multiplying by and rearranging gives
as required.
解法二
思路
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也可先用梯形面积求T,再把它代入总时间关系。
答题过程
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The trapezium has parallel sides of lengths and , and height . Thus
The times spent accelerating and decelerating are and . Hence
Since , multiplication by gives
(c)
解法一
思路
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解二次方程后必须检查匀速阶段的时间不能为负,不能只挑较小的根。
答题过程
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Factoring the equation from (b),
The roots are and . If , then
which is impossible. For , . Therefore .