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CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 12 Q11

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 12 Paper · Question 11

题目

Problem

It is given that a curve has equation y=k(3x−k)−1+3xy=k(3x-k)^{-1}+3x, where kk is a constant.

(a) Find, in terms of kk, the values of xx at which there is a stationary point.

(4)

The function f\mathrm{f} has a stationary value at x=ax=a and is defined by

f(x)=4(3x−4)−1+3xfor x≥32.\mathrm{f}(x)=4(3x-4)^{-1}+3x\quad\text{for }x\ge\frac32.

(b) Find the value of aa and determine the nature of the stationary value.

(3)

(c) The function g\mathrm{g} is defined by g(x)=−(3x+1)−1+3x\mathrm{g}(x)=-(3x+1)^{-1}+3x for x≥0x\ge0.

Determine, making your reasoning clear, whether g\mathrm{g} is an increasing function, a decreasing function or neither.

(2)
题目中文翻译

已知一条曲线的方程为 y=k(3x−k)−1+3xy=k(3x-k)^{-1}+3x,其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 用 kk 表示曲线存在驻点时 xx 的值。

(4)

函数 f\mathrm{f} 在 x=ax=a 处有一个驻值,其定义为

f(x)=4(3x−4)−1+3x,x≥32.\mathrm{f}(x)=4(3x-4)^{-1}+3x,\quad x\ge\frac32.

(b) 求 aa 的值,并判断该驻值的性质。

(3)

(c) 函数 g\mathrm{g} 定义为 g(x)=−(3x+1)−1+3x\mathrm{g}(x)=-(3x+1)^{-1}+3x,其中 x≥0x\ge0。

判断 g\mathrm{g} 是增函数、减函数还是两者皆非,并清楚说明理由。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对倒数项用链式法则。令导数为零后,还要判断平方等式何时有实根,并避开分母为零处。

答题过程

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On the domain 3x−k≠03x-k\ne0,

y′=3−3k(3x−k)2.y'=3-\frac{3k}{(3x-k)^2}.

Thus a stationary point requires (3x−k)2=k(3x-k)^2=k. If k>0k>0, the two valid values are

x=k±k3.x=\frac{k\pm\sqrt k}{3}.

If k<0k<0, the square cannot equal kk. If k=0k=0, the derivative on its domain is 33, so there are no stationary points in either case k≤0k\le0.

(b)

解法一

思路

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代入 k=4k=4 后,用给定定义域筛选横坐标。最后用二阶导数判定极值性质。

答题过程

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The candidates from (a) are x=(4±2)/3x=(4\pm2)/3, namely 22 and 2/32/3. Only 22 is in x≥3/2x\ge3/2, so a=2a=2. We have f′′(x)=72(3x−4)−3\mathrm f''(x)=72(3x-4)^{-3}, giving f′′(2)=9>0\mathrm f''(2)=9>0. Therefore the stationary value is a local minimum.

(c)

解法一

思路

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直接求导。在整个定义域中检查两项的符号。

答题过程

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The derivative is g′(x)=3+3/(3x+1)2\mathrm g'(x)=3+3/(3x+1)^2. This is positive for every x≥0x\ge0, so g\mathrm g is increasing.

解法二

思路

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也可直接比较任意两个自变量对应的函数值。把差式通分,利用定义域判断正负。

答题过程

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For any 0≤u<v0\le u<v,

g(v)−g(u)= 3(v−u)+13u+1−13v+1= (v−u)[3+3(3u+1)(3v+1)]>0.\begin{align*} \mathrm g(v)-\mathrm g(u) =&\,3(v-u)+\frac1{3u+1}-\frac1{3v+1}\\ =&\,(v-u)\Big[3+\frac3{(3u+1)(3v+1)}\Big]>0. \end{align*}

Both denominator factors and v−uv-u are positive, so g\mathrm g is increasing on its domain.