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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 12 Q8

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 12 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The equation of a circle is x2+y2+ax+by−12=0x^2+y^2+ax+by-12=0. The points A(1,1)A(1,1) and B(2,−6)B(2,-6) lie on the circle.

(a) Find the values of aa and bb and hence find the coordinates of the centre of the circle.

(4)

(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point AA, giving your answer in the form px+qy=kpx+qy=k, where pp, qq and kk are integers.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个圆的方程为 x2+y2+ax+by−12=0x^2+y^2+ax+by-12=0。点 A(1,1)A(1,1) 和 B(2,−6)B(2,-6) 在圆上。

(a) 求 aa 和 bb 的值,并由此求圆心的坐标。

(4)

(b) 求圆在点 AA 处的切线方程,答案写成 px+qy=kpx+qy=k 的形式,其中 pp、qq 和 kk 为整数。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把两个已知点分别代入,得到关于 a,ba,b 的一次方程组。系数减半取反即得圆心坐标。

答题过程

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At (1,1)(1,1) we get a+b=10a+b=10. At (2,−6)(2,-6) we get 2a−6b=−282a-6b=-28, or a−3b=−14a-3b=-14. Hence b=6b=6 and a=4a=4. Completing the squares gives (x+2)2+(y+3)2=25(x+2)^2+(y+3)^2=25, so the centre is (−2,−3)(-2,-3).

(b)

解法一

思路

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切线垂直于过 AA 的半径。先求半径斜率,再取负倒数求切线斜率。

答题过程

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The gradient of the radius from (−2,−3)(-2,-3) to A=(1,1)A=(1,1) is (1+3)/(1+2)=4/3(1+3)/(1+2)=4/3. The tangent is perpendicular to the radius, so its gradient is −3/4-3/4. Through AA, it has equation

y−1=−34(x−1),y-1=-\frac34(x-1),

or 3x+4y=73x+4y=7.

解法二

思路

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也可以把经过 AA 的上半圆写成函数,在 AA 处求导得到切线斜率。

答题过程

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Near AA, the circle is y=−3+25−(x+2)2y=-3+\sqrt{25-(x+2)^2}. Its derivative there is

−x+225−(x+2)2.-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{25-(x+2)^2}}.

At x=1x=1 this is −3/4-3/4. The tangent through (1,1)(1,1) is y−1=−34(x−1)y-1=-\tfrac34(x-1), giving 3x+4y=73x+4y=7.