题目
The equation of a curve is such that , where is a positive constant. The curve has a stationary point at .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Determine the nature of this stationary point.
(c) Find the equation of the curve.
(d) Find the coordinates of any other stationary points on the curve.
题目中文翻译
一条曲线满足 ,其中 为正常数。该曲线在 处有一个驻点。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 判断这个驻点的性质。
(c) 求该曲线的方程。
(d) 求该曲线上任何其他驻点的坐标。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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驻点的横坐标是 。把它代入导数并令斜率为零,最后用 筛选。
答题过程
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At the stationary point, . Since , .
(b)
解法一
思路
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用二阶导数在 处的符号判断驻点类型。
答题过程
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We have . At , this is , so the point is a minimum.
解法二
思路
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也可以检查一阶导数在驻点两侧的符号。因式分解后能直接看到先减后增。
答题过程
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With ,
For example, the derivative is at and at . More generally it is negative for and positive for . Hence the curve changes from decreasing to increasing at , so the stationary point is a minimum.
(c)
解法一
思路
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把 代入一阶导数并积分。用驻点的坐标确定积分常数。
答题过程
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Integrating gives
At , we have . Thus , giving .
(d)
解法一
思路
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一阶导数已有一个根 。把它因式分解就能找到另一个根,再回代求高度。
答题过程
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The derivative is . The other stationary point has , and its height is . Hence it is .