题目
The diagram shows a circle with centre and radius and the tangent to the circle at the point with coordinates . It also shows a second circle with centre at the point where this tangent meets the -axis and with radius .
(a) Write down the equation of circle .
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at .
(c) Find the equation of circle and hence verify that the -coordinates of both of the points of intersection of the two circles are .
(d) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the tangent and circle , giving the answers in surd form.
题目中文翻译
图中显示圆 ,其圆心为 、半径为 ,并显示圆在点 处的切线。图中还显示第二个圆 ,其圆心为这条切线与 轴的交点,半径为 。
(a) 写出圆 的方程。
(b) 求圆 在 点处的切线方程。
(c) 求圆 的方程,并由此验证两个圆的两个交点的 坐标均为 。
(d) 求该切线与圆 的交点坐标,答案用根式形式表示。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把圆心和半径直接代入圆的标准方程。
答题过程
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The equation of is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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圆心到 的半径与切线垂直。先求半径斜率,再取负倒数。
答题过程
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The radius to has slope . Therefore the tangent is , or .
解法二
思路
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在圆的上半部分,可先把上半圆写成显函数,再求导得到切线斜率。
答题过程
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Near , the upper half of is
Differentiating,
At , the gradient is . Thus the tangent is , or .
(c)
解法一
思路
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切线的纵截距就是圆 的圆心。联立两圆时,把方程相减,二次项会消掉。
答题过程
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The centre of is and its squared radius is . Hence
Expanding gives for , and for . Subtracting gives , so . In this yields , giving two points with that same height.
(d)
解法一
思路
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把切线代入圆 。由于切线经过 的圆心,代入后纵坐标的常数项正好抵消。
答题过程
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Substituting into gives
For , the tangent gives . For , it gives . The two intersections are