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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 13 Q9

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 13 Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Three points PP, QQ and RR have coordinates P(−13,5)P(-13, 5), Q(5,1)Q(5, 1) and R(2,k)R(2, k), where kk is a constant. It is given that the angle PRQPRQ is a right angle.

(a) Show that one of the possible values of kk is 10, and find the other possible value.

[4]

(b) It is now given that k=10k = 10. A circle passes through the points PP, QQ and RR.

Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at RR. Give your answer in the form ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0, where aa, bb and cc are integers.

[5]
题目中文翻译

三个点 PP、QQ、RR 的坐标分别为 P(−13,5)P(-13, 5)、Q(5,1)Q(5, 1)、R(2,k)R(2, k),其中 kk 是常数。已知角 PRQPRQ 是直角。

(a) 证明 kk 的一个可能值为 10,并求另一个可能值。

[4]

(b) 现在已知 k=10k = 10。一个圆经过点 PP、QQ、RR。

求该圆在 RR 点处的切线方程。答案写成 ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0 的形式,其中 aa、bb、cc 为整数。

[5]

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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直角在 RR,所以 PRPR 与 RQRQ 的斜率乘积为 −1-1。两条线段的横坐标差都不为零。

答题过程

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The gradients of PRPR and RQRQ are (k−5)/15(k-5)/15 and (1−k)/3(1-k)/3. Thus

k−515⋅1−k3=−1⟹k2−6k−40=(k−10)(k+4)=0.\frac{k-5}{15}\cdot\frac{1-k}{3}=-1 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad k^2-6k-40=(k-10)(k+4)=0.

This gives the stated value k=10k=10 and the other value k=−4k=-4.

解法二

思路

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也可以把 PQPQ 当作斜边。用两点距离的平方写勾股关系,不必先算两条直线的斜率。

答题过程

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The right angle at RR means PR2+RQ2=PQ2PR^2+RQ^2=PQ^2. Thus

225+(k−5)2+9+(k−1)2=182+(−4)2.225+(k-5)^2+9+(k-1)^2=18^2+(-4)^2.

Expanding gives 2k2−12k−80=02k^2-12k-80=0, so k=10k=10 or k=−4k=-4.

解法三

思路

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直角点 RR 必须在以 PQPQ 为直径的圆上。由直径中点和半径写出圆方程,再代入 RR 的坐标。

答题过程

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By the converse of the angle-in-a-semicircle theorem, RR lies on the circle with diameter PQPQ. Its centre is (−4,3)(-4,3) and its squared radius is 92+(−2)2=859^2+(-2)^2=85. Thus

(x+4)2+(y−3)2=85.(x+4)^2+(y-3)^2=85.

Substituting R=(2,k)R=(2,k) gives 36+(k−3)2=8536+(k-3)^2=85, so

k2−6k−40=(k−10)(k+4)=0.k^2-6k-40=(k-10)(k+4)=0.

Therefore k=10k=10 or k=−4k=-4, including the stated value 1010.

(b)

解法一

思路

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圆周角 PRQPRQ 是直角,因此 PQPQ 是直径。用其中点找圆心,再用半径与切线垂直的关系。

答题过程

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By the converse of the angle-in-a-semicircle theorem, PQPQ is a diameter. The centre is (−13+52,5+12)=(−4,3)\Big(\frac{-13+5}{2},\frac{5+1}{2}\Big)=(-4,3). The radius to R=(2,10)R=(2,10) has gradient (10−3)/(2+4)=7/6(10-3)/(2+4)=7/6. Hence the tangent is y−10=−67(x−2)y-10=-\frac67(x-2), or

6x+7y−82=0.6x+7y-82=0.

解法二

思路

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求得圆方程后,也可以把 RR 附近的圆弧写成上半圆的函数并直接求导。

答题过程

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The diameter PQPQ gives centre (−4,3)(-4,3) and squared radius 92+(−2)2=859^2+(-2)^2=85. Near RR, the upper branch is y=3+85−(x+4)2y=3+\sqrt{85-(x+4)^2}. Therefore

y′=−x+485−(x+4)2,y′(2)=−67.y'=-\frac{x+4}{\sqrt{85-(x+4)^2}},\qquad y'(2)=-\frac67.

The tangent at (2,10)(2,10) has equation 6x+7y−82=06x+7y-82=0.