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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 15 Q10

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 15 Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

The equation of a circle is x2+y2+4x−8y−12=0x^2+y^2+4x-8y-12=0.

(a) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (2,8)(2,8), giving your answer in the form ax+by+c=0ax+by+c=0.

[4]

(b) Given that the line x+3y=kx+3y=k does not intersect the circle, show that k2−20k−220>0k^2-20k-220>0.

[5]
题目中文翻译

一个圆的方程为 x2+y2+4x−8y−12=0x^2+y^2+4x-8y-12=0。

(a) 求该圆在点 (2,8)(2,8) 处的切线方程,答案写成 ax+by+c=0ax+by+c=0 的形式。

(b) 已知直线 x+3y=kx+3y=k 不与该圆相交,证明 k2−20k−220>0k^2-20k-220>0。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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配方找圆心。圆心到切点的半径与切线垂直,因此可由半径斜率求切线。

答题过程

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The circle is (x+2)2+(y−4)2=32(x+2)^2+(y-4)^2=32, with centre (−2,4)(-2,4). The gradient from the centre to (2,8)(2,8) is (8−4)/(2−(−2))=1(8-4)/(2-(-2))=1. Hence the tangent has gradient −1-1 and equation y−8=−(x−2)y-8=-(x-2), or

x+y−10=0.x+y-10=0.

解法二

思路

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也可以在切点附近用上半圆的函数式,再由导数直接得到切线斜率。

答题过程

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Near (2,8)(2,8), the upper branch is y=4+32−(x+2)2y=4+\sqrt{32-(x+2)^2}. Thus

y′=−x+232−(x+2)2,y′(2)=−1.y'=-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{32-(x+2)^2}}, \qquad y'(2)=-1.

The tangent is therefore y−8=−(x−2)y-8=-(x-2), or x+y−10=0x+y-10=0.

(b)

解法一

思路

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把直线方程代入圆,得到关于 yy 的二次方程。没有交点意味着判别式严格小于零。

答题过程

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Substituting x=k−3yx=k-3y into the circle gives

(k−3y+2)2+(y−4)2=32,(k-3y+2)^2+(y-4)^2=32,

which expands to 10y2−(6k+20)y+k2+4k−12=010y^2-(6k+20)y+k^2+4k-12=0. The discriminant must be negative, so

(6k+20)2−40(k2+4k−12)=−4k2+80k+880<0.(6k+20)^2-40(k^2+4k-12)=-4k^2+80k+880<0.

Dividing by −4-4 reverses the inequality and gives k2−20k−220>0k^2-20k-220>0.

解法二

思路

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也可以看圆心到直线的最短距离。只要这个距离严格大于半径,直线就碰不到圆。

答题过程

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The perpendicular distance from (−2,4)(-2,4) to x+3y−k=0x+3y-k=0 is

∣−2+3(4)−k∣12+32=∣10−k∣10.\frac{|-2+3(4)-k|}{\sqrt{1^2+3^2}} =\frac{|10-k|}{\sqrt{10}}.

Since the line misses the circle, this exceeds its radius 32\sqrt{32}. Squaring gives (10−k)2>320(10-k)^2>320, which simplifies to k2−20k−220>0k^2-20k-220>0.