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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 15 Q9

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 15 Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Functions ff and gg are defined as follows.

f(x)=cos⁡xfor 0≤x≤πf(x)=\cos x\quad\text{for }0\leq x\leq\pi

g(x)=3cos⁡(x−π)+2for π≤x≤2πg(x)=3\cos(x-\pi)+2\quad\text{for }\pi\leq x\leq2\pi

(a) Describe fully the transformations that have been combined to transform the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) to the graph of y=g(x)y=g(x).

[4]

(b) On the given axes, sketch the graphs of y=f(x)y=f(x) and y=g(x)y=g(x).

[4]

(c) Find g−1f(13π)g^{-1}f\left(\frac{1}{3}\pi\right).

[4]

(d) Explain why the composite function fgfg cannot be formed.

[1]
题目中文翻译

函数 ff 和 gg 定义如下。

f(x)=cos⁡x其中 0≤x≤πf(x)=\cos x\quad\text{其中 }0\leq x\leq\pi

g(x)=3cos⁡(x−π)+2其中 π≤x≤2πg(x)=3\cos(x-\pi)+2\quad\text{其中 }\pi\leq x\leq2\pi

(a) 完整描述将 y=f(x)y=f(x) 的图像变换为 y=g(x)y=g(x) 的组合变换。

(b) 在给定坐标轴上画出 y=f(x)y=f(x) 和 y=g(x)y=g(x) 的图像草图。

(c) 求 g−1f(13π)g^{-1}f\left(\frac{1}{3}\pi\right)。

(d) 解释为什么复合函数 fgfg 不能形成。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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cos⁡(x−π)\cos(x-\pi) 表示向右平移 π\pi。外面的系数与常数分别改变纵向比例和高度。

答题过程

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First stretch by scale factor 33 in the yy-direction. Then translate by (π2)\begin{pmatrix}\pi\\2\end{pmatrix}. This sends (u,cos⁡u)(u,\cos u) to (u+π,3cos⁡u+2)(u+\pi,3\cos u+2), as required.

解法二

思路

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如果先平移再伸缩,要把预先增加的高度除以 33,因为伸缩也会放大这段竖直位移。

答题过程

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Translate by (π2/3)\begin{pmatrix}\pi\\2/3\end{pmatrix} and then stretch by scale factor 33 in the yy-direction. The resulting expression is 3(cos⁡(x−π)+2/3)=3cos⁡(x−π)+23(\cos(x-\pi)+2/3)=3\cos(x-\pi)+2.

(b)

解法一

思路

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两段都是递减的半个余弦周期。先标出每段的两个端点和中点,再画平滑曲线。

答题过程

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Sketch ff through (0,1)(0,1), (π/2,0)(\pi/2,0) and (π,−1)(\pi,-1) on [0,π][0,\pi]. Sketch gg through (π,5)(\pi,5), (3π/2,2)(3\pi/2,2) and (2π,−1)(2\pi,-1) on [π,2π][\pi,2\pi]. Each curve decreases smoothly and has horizontal tangents at its endpoints.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先求 f(π/3)f(\pi/3)。再反解 g(x)g(x),角 x−πx-\pi 的范围正好是反余弦的主值区间。

答题过程

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We have f(π3)=12f(\frac\pi3)=\frac12. On π≤x≤2π\pi\le x\le2\pi, solving y=3cos⁡(x−π)+2y=3\cos(x-\pi)+2 gives

g−1(y)=π+cos⁡−1(y−23)(−1≤y≤5).g^{-1}(y)=\pi+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{y-2}{3}\Big) \qquad(-1\le y\le5).

Hence

g−1(f(π3))=π+cos⁡−1(−12)=5π3.g^{-1}\Big(f\big(\frac\pi3\big)\Big) =\pi+\cos^{-1}\Big(-\frac12\Big)=\frac{5\pi}3.

(d)

解法一

思路

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要对 gg 的每个输入计算 f(g(x))f(g(x)),gg 的输出都必须落在 ff 的定义域内。

答题过程

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The range of gg is [−1,5][-1,5], which is not contained in the domain [0,π][0,\pi] of ff. For example, g(2π)=−1g(2\pi)=-1 and f(−1)f(-1) is undefined. Thus fgfg cannot be formed on the given domain of gg.