题目
A tool for putting fence posts into the ground is called a ‘post-rammer’. The distances in millimetres that the post sinks into the ground on each impact of the post-rammer follow a geometric progression. The first three impacts cause the post to sink into the ground by , and respectively.
(a) Verify that the 9th impact is the first in which the post sinks less than into the ground.
(b) Find, to the nearest millimetre, the total depth of the post in the ground after 20 impacts.
(c) Find the greatest total depth in the ground which could theoretically be achieved.
题目中文翻译
一种将围栏桩打入地面的工具称为“打桩器”。打桩器每次撞击使桩下沉的距离(以毫米计)构成等比数列。前三次撞击分别使桩下沉 、 和 。
(a) 验证第 9 次撞击是首次使桩下沉不足 的撞击。
(b) 求撞击 20 次后桩在地下的总深度,答案取至最接近的毫米。
(c) 求理论上可以达到的最大地下总深度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
公比介于 和 之间,单次下沉量递减。比较第八和第九项是否跨过 。
答题过程
展开
The ratio is . The eighth impact gives mm, and the ninth gives mm. Since the sequence is decreasing, the ninth is the first impact below mm.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
总深度是前 项和。先保留公比的精确值,再在最后取整。
答题过程
展开
The total after impacts is
which is mm to the nearest millimetre.
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
将击打次数趋向无穷。公比小于 ,总深度趋近无穷和。
答题过程
展开
The theoretical limiting depth is mm. The finite totals approach this value from below.