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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 12 Q11

A Level / CIE / P1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 12 Paper · Question 11

题目

Problem

The coordinates of points AA, BB and CC are (6,4)(6,4), (p,7)(p,7) and (14,18)(14,18) respectively, where pp is a constant. The line ABAB is perpendicular to the line BCBC.

(a) Given that p<10p<10, find the value of pp.

(4)

A circle passes through the points AA, BB and CC.

(b) Find the equation of the circle.

(3)

(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at CC, giving the answer in the form dx+ey+f=0dx+ey+f=0, where dd, ee and ff are integers.

(3)
题目中文翻译

点 AA、BB 和 CC 的坐标分别为 (6,4)(6,4)、(p,7)(p,7) 和 (14,18)(14,18),其中 pp 为常数。直线 ABAB 垂直于直线 BCBC。

(a) 已知 p<10p<10,求 pp 的值。

(4)

一个圆经过点 AA、BB 和 CC。

(b) 求这个圆的方程。

(3)

(c) 求这个圆在 CC 点处的切线方程,答案写成 dx+ey+f=0dx+ey+f=0 的形式,其中 dd、ee 和 ff 为整数。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把垂直条件写成两个方向向量的点积为零。解出两个横坐标后,用 p<10p<10 筛选。

答题过程

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The vectors AB→=(p−6,3)\overrightarrow{AB}=(p-6,3) and BC→=(14−p,11)\overrightarrow{BC}=(14-p,11) are perpendicular, so (p−6)(14−p)+33=0(p-6)(14-p)+33=0. This simplifies to

p2−20p+51=(p−3)(p−17)=0.p^2-20p+51=(p-3)(p-17)=0.

Since p<10p<10, we get p=3p=3.

解法二

思路

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也可以用直角三角形的勾股关系,直接把三个边长的平方代入。

答题过程

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Because the angle at BB is right, AB2+BC2=AC2AB^2+BC^2=AC^2. Thus

(p−6)2+32+(14−p)2+112=82+142.(p-6)^2+3^2+(14-p)^2+11^2=8^2+14^2.

This simplifies to (p−3)(p−17)=0(p-3)(p-17)=0. The condition p<10p<10 gives p=3p=3.

解法三

思路

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两条直线均有斜率时,垂直条件可写成斜率乘积为 −1-1。先检查分母为零的特殊情形,再清分母求 pp。

答题过程

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If p=6p=6, ABAB is vertical but BCBC is not horizontal. If p=14p=14, BCBC is vertical but ABAB is not horizontal. Neither case gives perpendicular lines. Otherwise,

3p−61114−p=−1.\frac{3}{p-6}\frac{11}{14-p}=-1.

Therefore (p−6)(14−p)=−33(p-6)(14-p)=-33, giving p2−20p+51=0p^2-20p+51=0. Its roots are 33 and 1717; since p<10p<10, we obtain p=3p=3.

(b)

解法一

思路

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圆周角 ABCABC 是直角,所以 ACAC 是直径。直径中点是圆心。

答题过程

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The centre is the midpoint of AA and CC, namely (10,11)(10,11). The squared radius is (14−10)2+(18−11)2=65(14-10)^2+(18-11)^2=65. Hence the equation is

(x−10)2+(y−11)2=65.(x-10)^2+(y-11)^2=65.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先求从圆心到 CC 的半径斜率。切线取负倒数斜率并通过 CC。

答题过程

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The radius to CC has gradient 7/47/4, so the tangent has gradient −4/7-4/7. Its equation is

y−18=−47(x−14)⟺4x+7y−182=0.y-18=-\frac47(x-14) \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad 4x+7y-182=0.

解法二

思路

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点 CC 位于圆的上半部,可把圆方程写成上半圆的显式函数,再求该点的切线斜率。

答题过程

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Near C=(14,18)C=(14,18), the upper semicircle has equation

y=11+65−(x−10)2.y=11+\sqrt{65-(x-10)^2}.

Differentiating gives

dydx=−x−1065−(x−10)2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac{x-10}{\sqrt{65-(x-10)^2}}.

At CC, the gradient is −4/7-4/7. Thus the tangent is y−18=−4(x−14)/7y-18=-4(x-14)/7, or 4x+7y−182=04x+7y-182=0.