题目
A curve has equation .
(a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point , giving your answer in the form .
A point is moving along the curve in such a way that at the rate of increase of the -coordinate is .
(b) Find the rate of increase of the -coordinate at .
At the moving point suddenly changes direction and speed, and moves down the normal in such a way that the rate of decrease of the -coordinate is constant at .
(c) As the point moves down the normal, find the rate of change of its -coordinate.
题目中文翻译
一条曲线的方程为 。
(a) 求曲线在点 处的法线方程,答案写成 的形式。
一个点沿曲线 运动,在 点处其 坐标以 的速率增加。
(b) 求该点在 处的 坐标增加的速率。
运动点在 处突然改变运动方向和速率,沿法线向下运动,其 坐标以恒定的 的速率减少。
(c) 当该点沿法线向下运动时,求其 坐标的变化率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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求曲线在 的切线斜率。法线斜率取负倒数,并用 写直线方程。
答题过程
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The derivative is , which equals at . The normal has gradient , so , or .
(b)
解法一
思路
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点仍在曲线上时,用曲线在 的斜率把横坐标的变化率换算成纵坐标的变化率。
答题过程
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Let denote time. At ,
(c)
解法一
思路
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转向后用法线的斜率。纵坐标在减小,所以它的变化率取负值。
答题过程
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On the normal, and . Therefore