题目
Problem
The equation of a curve is such that dxdy=4x−3x+1.
(a) Find the x-coordinate of the point on the curve at which the gradient is 211.
[3]
(b) Given that the curve passes through the point (4,11), find the equation of the curve.
[4]
题目中文翻译
一条曲线满足 dxdy=4x−3x+1。
(a) 求曲线上斜率为 211 的点的 x 坐标。
(b) 已知该曲线经过点 (4,11),求曲线方程。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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梯度条件同时含有 x 和 x。令 u=x 后,就能解一个普通的二次方程。
答题过程
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Setting the gradient equal to 11/2 and putting u=x≥0 gives
4u2−3u+1=211⟹(4u+3)(2u−3)=0.
Only u=23 is nonnegative, so x=49.
解法二
思路
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也可以把根式单独移到一边,再平方消去它。平方会丢掉原来的符号限制,因此要回代筛选。
答题过程
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The equation becomes 3x=4x−29, so x≥89. Squaring gives
9x=16x2−36x+481⟹(4x−9)(16x−9)=0.
The candidate x=169 violates x≥89. The remaining candidate x=49 gives 3x=29=4x−29, so it is a solution.
(b)
解法一
思路
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逐项积分,再用曲线经过的点确定积分常数。
答题过程
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Integrating the gradient gives
y=2x2−2x3/2+x+C.
Since (4,11) is on the curve, 11=32−16+4+C, so C=−9. Thus the curve is y=2x2−2x3/2+x−9.