题目
Problem
A function f with domain x>0 is such that f′(x)=8(2x−3)31−10x32. It is given that the curve with equation y=f(x) passes through the point (1,0).
(a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point (1,0).
[3]
(b) Find f(x).
[4]
It is given that the equation f′(x)=0 can be expressed in the form
125x2−128x+192=0.
(c) Determine, making your reasoning clear, whether f is an increasing function, a decreasing function or neither.
[3]
题目中文翻译
函数 f 的定义域为 x>0,且 f′(x)=8(2x−3)31−10x32。已知方程为 y=f(x) 的曲线经过点 (1,0)。
(a) 求曲线在点 (1,0) 处的法线方程。
(b) 求 f(x)。
已知方程 f′(x)=0 可以表示为
125x2−128x+192=0.
(c) 判断 f 是增函数、减函数还是都不是,并清楚说明理由。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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在 x=1 处先算切线斜率。立方根保留符号,因此 (−1)1/3=−1。
答题过程
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We have f′(1)=8(−1)−10=−18. The normal through (1,0) has gradient 1/18, so its equation is y=181(x−1).
(b)
解法一
思路
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逐项积分。第一项的内层为 2x−3,积分时要除以它的导数 2,再用已知点求常数。
答题过程
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Integrating gives
f(x)=3(2x−3)4/3−6x5/3+C,
with fractional powers taken using the real cube root. The first term is differentiable even at 2x−3=0, where its derivative is zero. Since f(1)=0, we have 3−6+C=0, so
f(x)=3(2x−3)4/3−6x5/3+3.
(c)
解法一
思路
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先用题给的二次方程判断导数是否有零点。导数在 x>0 连续,因此没有零点就不能变号;用 x=1 处的值确定符号。
答题过程
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The discriminant of 125x2−128x+192=0 is
1282−4(125)(192)=−79616<0.
Consequently f′(x) has no zero. The real fractional powers make f′ continuous throughout x>0. Since f′(1)=−18<0, it is negative everywhere on this interval. Therefore f is strictly decreasing.