题目
Problem
The equation of a curve is y=3x−88−x−16.
(a) Find the coordinates of the point at which the tangent to the curve at the point (3,5) intersects the line y=−8x.
[6]
(b) (i) Find the x-coordinates of each of the stationary points of the curve.
[3]
(ii) Find dx2d2y and hence determine the nature of each of the stationary points.
[4]
题目中文翻译
一条曲线的方程为 y=3x−88−x−16。
(a) 求曲线在点 (3,5) 处的切线与直线 y=−8x 的交点坐标。
(b) (i) 求曲线每个驻点的 x 坐标。
(ii) 求 dx2d2y,并由此判断每个驻点的性质。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先求导并在 x=3 处算切线斜率。写出切线的点斜式后,与 y=−8x 联立。
答题过程
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The derivative is
dxdy=−(3x−8)224+(x−1)26.
At x=3, it is −24+46=−245. Thus the tangent satisfies
y−5=−245(x−3).
Substituting y=−8x gives −16x−10=−45x+135, so x=5 and y=−40. The intersection is (5,−40).
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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令一阶导数为零并去掉分母。两边都是平方式,开平方时需要保留正、负两种关系。
答题过程
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On the domain x=1,38, setting the derivative equal to zero gives
(3x−8)2=4(x−1)2⟹3x−8=2(x−1)or3x−8=−2(x−1).
These give x=6 and x=2, respectively. Both belong to the domain.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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再次求导,分别代入两个驻点的横坐标。二阶导数为负时是局部极大,为正时是局部极小。
答题过程
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Differentiating again gives
dx2d2y=(3x−8)3144−(x−1)312.
At x=2 this equals (−2)3144−12=−30<0, so the point is a local maximum. At x=6 it equals 103144−5312=1256>0, so the point is a local minimum.