题目
The diagram shows the curve with equation and the tangent to the curve at the point . The point has -coordinate .
(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point . Give your answer in the form .
(b) The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the -axis and the tangent to the curve at .
Find the exact area of the shaded region.
The graph of is transformed by a stretch of scale factor in the -direction. The point is the image of under this transformation. The transformed shaded region is bounded by the transformed curve, the -axis and the tangent to the transformed curve at .
(c) (i) Find the equation of the transformed curve in the form , where and are integers to be found.
(ii) State the coordinates of and the area of the transformed shaded region.
题目中文翻译
图中显示的是方程为 的曲线,以及曲线在点 处的切线。点 的 坐标为 。
(a) 求曲线在点 处切线的方程。答案写成 的形式。
(b) 阴影区域由曲线、 轴和曲线在 处的切线围成。
求阴影区域的精确面积。
图像 经过 方向上比例因子为 的伸缩变换。点 是点 在该变换下的像。变换后的阴影区域由变换后的曲线、 轴和变换后曲线在 处的切线围成。
(c) (i) 求变换后曲线的方程,写成 的形式,其中 和 是需要求出的整数。
(ii) 写出 的坐标以及变换后阴影区域的面积。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先用原方程求 的纵坐标,再用导数求切线斜率。已知一点和斜率就可以写切线方程。
答题过程
展开
At , , so . The gradient is
The tangent is , or .
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
把阴影看成一个三角形挖去一块曲线下方面积。切线与曲线的右侧横截距决定两块面积的积分或计算范围。
答题过程
展开
The tangent from (a) meets the -axis at . The curve meets it again to the right of at . The area under the tangent from to is . From this triangle we subtract the area under the curve between and :
The shaded area is square units.
解法二
思路
展开
也可以在 处把阴影分成两块。左边用切线高度减曲线高度,右边的边界只有切线和 轴。
答题过程
展开
The curve and tangent meet the -axis at and , respectively, to the right of . Between and the difference in height is
Its integral is
The triangle from to has height and area . Thus the total is square units.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
展开
变换后的横坐标是原来横坐标的三分之一。写新方程时,要用 找回对应的原横坐标。
答题过程
展开
At a new horizontal coordinate , the original coordinate was and the height is unchanged. The transformed equation is
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
展开
把 的横坐标除以 。阴影区域的高度不变,每条水平线段的长度变为原来的三分之一,所以面积也变为原来的三分之一。
答题过程
展开
The point maps to . The transformation carries the entire region to the new region, scaling all horizontal lengths by while keeping vertical lengths unchanged. The transformed area is
square units.