题目
Problem
The variables x and y satisfy the equation xny2=C, where n and C are constants. The graph of lny against lnx is a straight line passing through the points (0.31,1.21) and (1.06,0.91), as shown in the diagram.
Find the value of n and find the value of C correct to 2 decimal places.
(5)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足方程 xny2=C,其中 n 和 C 为常数。如图,以 lnx 为横坐标、lny 为纵坐标的图像是一条经过点 (0.31,1.21) 和 (1.06,0.91) 的直线。
求 n 的值,并求 C 的值,精确到小数点后 2 位。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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取对数后,图像斜率为 −n/2,截距为 21lnC。先由两点求斜率,再用任一点求常数。
答题过程
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Taking logarithms of xny2=C gives
nlnx+2lny=lnC,
so
lny=−2nlnx+21lnC.
The gradient of the plotted line is
1.06−0.310.91−1.21=−0.750.30=−0.4.
Thus −n/2=−0.4, giving n=0.8.
Using (lnx,lny)=(0.31,1.21),
lnC=0.8(0.31)+2(1.21)=2.668.
Hence
C=e2.668≈14.41
to 2 decimal places.
解法二
思路
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也可以先把图上的对数坐标还原为 x,y,将两组原方程相除消去 C。
答题过程
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The two plotted points imply
x1=x2=e0.31,y1=e1.21,e1.06,y2=e0.91.
Using xny2=C for both pairs and dividing,
(x1x2)n(y1y2)2=1.
Thus
e0.75ne−0.60=1,0.75n−0.60=0.
Hence n=0.8, and substitution gives
C=(e0.31)0.8(e1.21)2=e2.668.
Therefore C≈14.41 to 2 decimal places.