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CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 32 Q3

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 32 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy satisfy the equation xny2=Cx^ny^2=C, where nn and CC are constants. The graph of ln⁡y\ln y against ln⁡x\ln x is a straight line passing through the points (0.31,1.21)(0.31,1.21) and (1.06,0.91)(1.06,0.91), as shown in the diagram.

Find the value of nn and find the value of CC correct to 2 decimal places.

(5)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足方程 xny2=Cx^ny^2=C,其中 nn 和 CC 为常数。如图,以 ln⁡x\ln x 为横坐标、ln⁡y\ln y 为纵坐标的图像是一条经过点 (0.31,1.21)(0.31,1.21) 和 (1.06,0.91)(1.06,0.91) 的直线。

求 nn 的值,并求 CC 的值,精确到小数点后 2 位。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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取对数后,图像斜率为 −n/2-n/2,截距为 12ln⁡C\tfrac12\ln C。先由两点求斜率,再用任一点求常数。

答题过程

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Taking logarithms of xny2=Cx^ny^2=C gives

nln⁡x+2ln⁡y=ln⁡C,n\ln x+2\ln y=\ln C,

so

ln⁡y=−n2ln⁡x+12ln⁡C.\ln y=-\frac n2\ln x+\frac12\ln C.

The gradient of the plotted line is

0.91−1.211.06−0.31=−0.300.75=−0.4.\frac{0.91-1.21}{1.06-0.31}=-\frac{0.30}{0.75}=-0.4.

Thus −n/2=−0.4-n/2=-0.4, giving n=0.8\boxed{n=0.8}.

Using (ln⁡x,ln⁡y)=(0.31,1.21)(\ln x,\ln y)=(0.31,1.21),

ln⁡C=0.8(0.31)+2(1.21)=2.668.\ln C=0.8(0.31)+2(1.21)=2.668.

Hence

C=e2.668≈14.41C=e^{2.668}\approx\boxed{14.41}

to 2 decimal places.

解法二

思路

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也可以先把图上的对数坐标还原为 x,yx,y,将两组原方程相除消去 CC。

答题过程

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The two plotted points imply

x1= e0.31,y1=e1.21,x2= e1.06,y2=e0.91.\begin{align*} x_1=&\,e^{0.31},\quad y_1=e^{1.21},\\[4mm] x_2=&\,e^{1.06},\quad y_2=e^{0.91}. \end{align*}

Using xny2=Cx^ny^2=C for both pairs and dividing,

(x2x1)n(y2y1)2=1.\bigg(\frac{x_2}{x_1}\bigg)^n \bigg(\frac{y_2}{y_1}\bigg)^2=1.

Thus

e0.75ne−0.60=1,0.75n−0.60=0.e^{0.75n}e^{-0.60}=1, \qquad0.75n-0.60=0.

Hence n=0.8\boxed{n=0.8}, and substitution gives

C=(e0.31)0.8(e1.21)2=e2.668.C=(e^{0.31})^{0.8}(e^{1.21})^2 =e^{2.668}.

Therefore C≈14.41\boxed{C\approx14.41} to 2 decimal places.