题目
Problem
The variables x and y satisfy the differential equation
dxdy=e3ysin22x.
It is given that y=0 when x=0.
Solve the differential equation and find the value of y when x=21.
(7)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足微分方程
dxdy=e3ysin22x.
已知当 x=0 时,y=0。
解此微分方程,并求 x=21 时 y 的值。
(7)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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分离变量后,把 sin22x 用二倍角公式化成 [1−cos4x]/2,再积分并使用初值。最后先写显式解,再代入 x=1/2。
答题过程
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Separating variables,
e−3ydy=sin22xdx=21(1−cos4x)dx.
The derivatives of e−3y and sin4x contribute factors
−3 and 4 respectively. Integrating,
−31e−3y=2x−81sin4x+C.
Using x=0, y=0 gives C=−1/3. Therefore
e−3y=1−23x+83sin4x,
so
y=−31ln(1−23x+83sin4x)
on the branch containing the initial point, where the logarithm argument is positive.
When x=1/2,
y=−31ln(41+83sin2).
Hence y=0.175 to 3 significant figures.