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CIE 9709 2024 March Paper 32 Q4

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2024 March Paper 32 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The positive numbers pp and qq are such that

ln⁡(pq)=aandln⁡(q2p)=b.\ln\bigg(\frac pq\bigg)=a\quad\text{and}\quad\ln(q^2p)=b.

Express ln⁡(p7q)\ln(p^7q) in terms of aa and bb.

(4)
题目中文翻译

正数 pp 和 qq 满足

ln⁡(pq)=a且ln⁡(q2p)=b.\ln\bigg(\frac pq\bigg)=a\quad\text{且}\quad\ln(q^2p)=b.

用 aa 和 bb 表示 ln⁡(p7q)\ln(p^7q)。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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设 P=ln⁡pP=\ln p、Q=ln⁡qQ=\ln q,把题设化成二元一次方程,再计算 7P+Q7P+Q。

答题过程

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Since p,q>0p,q>0, the logarithm laws give

ln⁡p−ln⁡q= a,ln⁡p+2ln⁡q= b.\begin{align*} \ln p-\ln q=&\,a,\\[4mm] \ln p+2\ln q=&\,b. \end{align*}

Subtracting,

3ln⁡q= b−a,ln⁡q= b−a3.\begin{align*} 3\ln q=&\,b-a,\\[4mm] \ln q=&\,\frac{b-a}{3}. \end{align*}

Then

ln⁡p=a+ln⁡q=2a+b3.\ln p=a+\ln q=\frac{2a+b}{3}.

Consequently,

ln⁡(p7q)= 7ln⁡p+ln⁡q= 7(2a+b3)+b−a3= 13a+8b3.\begin{align*} \ln(p^7q) =&\,7\ln p+\ln q\\[4mm] =&\,7\bigg(\frac{2a+b}{3}\bigg)+\frac{b-a}{3}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{13a+8b}{3}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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不必先分别求 ln⁡p\ln p、ln⁡q\ln q;也可把目标乘积写成题设两个乘积的幂,比较指数。

答题过程

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Seek constants u,vu,v such that

p7q=(pq)u(q2p)v.p^7q=\bigg(\frac pq\bigg)^u(q^2p)^v.

Comparing the powers of pp and qq,

u+v= 7,−u+2v= 1.\begin{align*} u+v=&\,7,\\[4mm] -u+2v=&\,1. \end{align*}

Thus 3v=83v=8, so v=8/3v=8/3 and u=13/3u=13/3. Taking logarithms,

ln⁡(p7q)= 133ln⁡(pq)+83ln⁡(q2p)= 13a+8b3.\begin{align*} \ln(p^7q) =&\,\frac{13}{3}\ln\bigg(\frac pq\bigg) +\frac83\ln(q^2p)\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{13a+8b}{3}}. \end{align*}