题目
Problem
The variables x and θ satisfy the differential equation
dθdx=(51x+1)sin22θ,
and x=5 when θ=0.
Solve the differential equation and obtain an expression for x in terms of θ.
(7)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 θ 满足微分方程
dθdx=(51x+1)sin22θ,
且当 θ=0 时,x=5。
解此微分方程,并求出用 θ 表示 x 的表达式。
(7)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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分离变量后,关于 x 的积分产生对数,关于角的积分先降幂。初值确定常数后指数化。
答题过程
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Separating variables,
x+55dx=sin22θdθ.
Using sin22θ=(1−cos4θ)/2,
∫sin22θdθ=2θ−81sin4θ+C1,
where the factor 1/8 is (1/2)(1/4). Integrating both sides of the separated equation gives
5ln∣x+5∣=2θ−81sin4θ+C.
The initial condition x=5, θ=0 gives C=5ln10. On the initial branch x+5>0, so
ln10x+5=10θ−401sin4θ.
Exponentiating,
x=10exp(10θ−40sin4θ)−5.
The resulting expression has x+5>0, consistent with the branch used.