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CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 32 Q9

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 32 Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The polynomial 6x3+ax2+bx+96x^3+ax^2+bx+9 is denoted by p(x)\mathrm{p}(x), where aa and bb are constants. It is given that (x−3)(x-3) is a factor of p(x)\mathrm{p}(x), and when the first derivative p′(x)\mathrm{p}'(x) is divided by (x−3)(x-3) the remainder is 7272.

(a) Find the values of aa and bb.

(5)

(b) When aa and bb have the values found in part (a), factorise p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) completely.

(3)

(c) Hence solve the inequality p(x)<0\mathrm{p}(x)<0.

(2)
题目中文翻译

多项式 6x3+ax2+bx+96x^3+ax^2+bx+9 记为 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x),其中 aa 和 bb 为常数。已知 (x−3)(x-3) 是 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) 的一个因式,且一阶导数 p′(x)\mathrm{p}'(x) 除以 (x−3)(x-3) 所得的余数为 7272。

(a) 求 aa 和 bb 的值。

(5)

(b) 当 aa 和 bb 取 (a) 问中求得的值时,将 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) 完全因式分解。

(3)

(c) 由此解不等式 p(x)<0\mathrm{p}(x)<0。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

因式条件给出函数在 x=3x=3 处为零,导数的余式条件给出导数在 x=3x=3 处等于 7272。

答题过程

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Since x−3x-3 is a factor, p(3)=0p(3)=0, giving

162+9a+3b+9=0⟹3a+b=−57.(1)162+9a+3b+9=0 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad 3a+b=-57. \tag{1}

Also,

p′(x)=18x2+2ax+b.p'(x)=18x^2+2ax+b.

By the remainder theorem, p′(3)=72p'(3)=72, so

162+6a+b=72⟹6a+b=−90.(2)162+6a+b=72 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad 6a+b=-90. \tag{2}

Subtracting (1) from (2),

3a=−33⟹a=−11.3a=-33\quad\Longrightarrow\quad a=-11.

Then b=−57−3(−11)=−24b=-57-3(-11)=-24. Hence

a=−11,b=−24.\boxed{a=-11,\qquad b=-24}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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利用已知因式做除法,再分解所得二次商。

答题过程

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Using the values from (a),

p(x)=6x3−11x2−24x+9.p(x)=6x^3-11x^2-24x+9.

Dividing by x−3x-3 gives

p(x)=(x−3)(6x2+7x−3).p(x)=(x-3)(6x^2+7x-3).

The quadratic factors as

6x2+7x−3= 6x2+9x−2x−3= 3x(2x+3)−(2x+3)= (2x+3)(3x−1).\begin{align*} 6x^2+7x-3 =&\,6x^2+9x-2x-3\\[4mm] =&\,3x(2x+3)-(2x+3)\\[4mm] =&\,(2x+3)(3x-1). \end{align*}

Therefore

p(x)=(x−3)(2x+3)(3x−1).\boxed{p(x)=(x-3)(2x+3)(3x-1)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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把三个实根排序,用符号表判断乘积为负的区间,严格不等式不包括根。

答题过程

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From (b), the roots are −3/2-3/2, 1/31/3 and 33.

Intervalx<−3/2x<-3/2−3/2<x<1/3-3/2<x<1/31/3<x<31/3<x<3x>3x>3
Sign of p(x)p(x)−-++−-++

Thus

x<−32or13<x<3.\boxed{x<-\frac32\quad\text{or}\quad\frac13<x<3}.