题目
Problem
The polynomial 6x3+ax2+bx+9 is denoted by p(x), where a and b are constants. It is given that (x−3) is a factor of p(x), and when the first derivative p′(x) is divided by (x−3) the remainder is 72.
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(5)
(b) When a and b have the values found in part (a), factorise p(x) completely.
(3)
(c) Hence solve the inequality p(x)<0.
(2)
题目中文翻译
多项式 6x3+ax2+bx+9 记为 p(x),其中 a 和 b 为常数。已知 (x−3) 是 p(x) 的一个因式,且一阶导数 p′(x) 除以 (x−3) 所得的余数为 72。
(a) 求 a 和 b 的值。
(5)
(b) 当 a 和 b 取 (a) 问中求得的值时,将 p(x) 完全因式分解。
(3)
(c) 由此解不等式 p(x)<0。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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因式条件给出函数在 x=3 处为零,导数的余式条件给出导数在 x=3 处等于 72。
答题过程
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Since x−3 is a factor, p(3)=0, giving
162+9a+3b+9=0⟹3a+b=−57.(1)
Also,
p′(x)=18x2+2ax+b.
By the remainder theorem, p′(3)=72, so
162+6a+b=72⟹6a+b=−90.(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2),
3a=−33⟹a=−11.
Then b=−57−3(−11)=−24. Hence
a=−11,b=−24.
(b)
解法一
思路
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利用已知因式做除法,再分解所得二次商。
答题过程
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Using the values from (a),
p(x)=6x3−11x2−24x+9.
Dividing by x−3 gives
p(x)=(x−3)(6x2+7x−3).
The quadratic factors as
6x2+7x−3===6x2+9x−2x−33x(2x+3)−(2x+3)(2x+3)(3x−1).
Therefore
p(x)=(x−3)(2x+3)(3x−1).
(c)
解法一
思路
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把三个实根排序,用符号表判断乘积为负的区间,严格不等式不包括根。
答题过程
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From (b), the roots are −3/2, 1/3 and 3.
| Interval | x<−3/2 | −3/2<x<1/3 | 1/3<x<3 | x>3 |
|---|
| Sign of p(x) | − | + | − | + |
Thus
x<−23or31<x<3.