题目
Problem
It is given that z = 3 + λ i λ + 2 i z=\frac{3+\lambda\mathrm{i}}{\lambda+2\mathrm{i}} z = λ + 2 i 3 + λ i , where λ \lambda λ is a real constant.
(a) Find the value of λ \lambda λ for which arg z = 1 4 π \arg z=\frac14\pi arg z = 4 1 π .
(4)
(b) When λ \lambda λ has the value found in 5(a) , find the exact value of ∣ z ∣ |z| ∣ z ∣ , making your method clear.
(2)
题目中文翻译
已知 z = 3 + λ i λ + 2 i z=\frac{3+\lambda\mathrm{i}}{\lambda+2\mathrm{i}} z = λ + 2 i 3 + λ i ,其中 λ \lambda λ 为实常数。
(a) 求使 arg z = 1 4 π \arg z=\frac14\pi arg z = 4 1 π 成立的 λ \lambda λ 的值。
(4)
(b) 当 λ \lambda λ 取 5(a) 中求得的值时,求 ∣ z ∣ |z| ∣ z ∣ 的精确值,并清楚展示所用方法。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先乘分母的共轭,比较实部和虚部。辐角为 π / 4 \pi/4 π /4 还要求两者都为正,不能只比较它们相等。
答题过程
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Rationalising the denominator,
z = ( 3 + λ i ) ( λ − 2 i ) λ 2 + 4 = 5 λ + ( λ 2 − 6 ) i λ 2 + 4 . \begin{align*}
z=&\,\frac{(3+\lambda\mathrm{i})(\lambda-2\mathrm{i})}
{\lambda^2+4}\\
=&\,\frac{5\lambda+(\lambda^2-6)\mathrm{i}}{\lambda^2+4}.
\end{align*} z = = λ 2 + 4 ( 3 + λ i ) ( λ − 2 i ) λ 2 + 4 5 λ + ( λ 2 − 6 ) i .
For arg z = π / 4 \arg z=\pi/4 arg z = π /4 , the real and imaginary parts must be equal and positive. Thus
λ 2 − 6 = 5 λ , ( λ − 6 ) ( λ + 1 ) = 0. \begin{align*}
\lambda^2-6=&\,5\lambda,\\
(\lambda-6)(\lambda+1)=&\,0.
\end{align*} λ 2 − 6 = ( λ − 6 ) ( λ + 1 ) = 5 λ , 0.
The root λ = − 1 \lambda=-1 λ = − 1 gives a negative real part, so it lies in the wrong quadrant. The required value is λ = 6 \boxed{\lambda=6} λ = 6 .
解法二
思路
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把辐角条件直接写成 z = c ( 1 + i ) z=c(1+\mathrm{i}) z = c ( 1 + i ) ,其中 c > 0 c>0 c > 0 。交叉相乘后比较实部和虚部。
答题过程
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Since arg z = π / 4 \arg z=\pi/4 arg z = π /4 , write z = c ( 1 + i ) z=c(1+\mathrm{i}) z = c ( 1 + i ) with c > 0 c>0 c > 0 . Then
3 + λ i = c ( 1 + i ) ( λ + 2 i ) = c [ ( λ − 2 ) + ( λ + 2 ) i ] . \begin{align*}
3+\lambda\mathrm{i}
=&\,c(1+\mathrm{i})(\lambda+2\mathrm{i})\\[4mm]
=&\,c\big[(\lambda-2)+(\lambda+2)\mathrm{i}\big].
\end{align*} 3 + λ i = = c ( 1 + i ) ( λ + 2 i ) c [ ( λ − 2 ) + ( λ + 2 ) i ] .
Comparing parts,
3 = c ( λ − 2 ) , λ = c ( λ + 2 ) . \begin{align*}
3=&\,c(\lambda-2),\\[4mm]
\lambda=&\,c(\lambda+2).
\end{align*} 3 = λ = c ( λ − 2 ) , c ( λ + 2 ) .
The first equation implies λ > 2 \lambda>2 λ > 2 . Eliminating c c c gives
λ ( λ − 2 ) = 3 ( λ + 2 ) , λ 2 − 5 λ − 6 = 0 , ( λ − 6 ) ( λ + 1 ) = 0. \begin{align*}
\lambda(\lambda-2)=&\,3(\lambda+2),\\[4mm]
\lambda^2-5\lambda-6=&\,0,\\[4mm]
(\lambda-6)(\lambda+1)=&\,0.
\end{align*} λ ( λ − 2 ) = λ 2 − 5 λ − 6 = ( λ − 6 ) ( λ + 1 ) = 3 ( λ + 2 ) , 0 , 0.
Only λ = 6 \boxed{\lambda=6} λ = 6 satisfies λ > 2 \lambda>2 λ > 2 .
(b)
解法一
思路
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先代入(a)的值,求出实部和虚部,再用模长公式。
答题过程
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When λ = 6 \lambda=6 λ = 6 ,
z = 30 + 30 i 40 = 3 4 + 3 4 i . z=\frac{30+30\mathrm{i}}{40}
=\frac34+\frac34\mathrm{i}. z = 40 30 + 30 i = 4 3 + 4 3 i .
Therefore
∣ z ∣ = ( 3 4 ) 2 + ( 3 4 ) 2 = 3 2 4 . |z|=\sqrt{\bigg(\frac34\bigg)^2+\bigg(\frac34\bigg)^2}
=\boxed{\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}. ∣ z ∣ = ( 4 3 ) 2 + ( 4 3 ) 2 = 4 3 2 .
解法二
思路
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商的模等于分子的模除以分母的模。直接代入 (a) 的值,无须先把复数写成直角坐标形式。
答题过程
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Using λ = 6 \lambda=6 λ = 6 from (a), the quotient rule for moduli gives
∣ z ∣ = ∣ 3 + 6 i ∣ ∣ 6 + 2 i ∣ = 9 + 36 36 + 4 = 45 40 = 3 2 4 . \begin{align*}
|z|=&\,\frac{|3+6\mathrm{i}|}{|6+2\mathrm{i}|}\\[4mm]
=&\,\frac{\sqrt{9+36}}{\sqrt{36+4}}\\[4mm]
=&\,\sqrt{\frac{45}{40}}=\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}.
\end{align*} ∣ z ∣ = = = ∣6 + 2 i ∣ ∣3 + 6 i ∣ 36 + 4 9 + 36 40 45 = 4 3 2 .