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CIE 9709 2026 March Paper 32 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2026 March Paper 32 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy satisfy the differential equation

ye3xdydx=x(y+5).y\mathrm{e}^{3x}\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=x(y+5).

It is given that y=0y=0 when x=0x=0.

Solve the differential equation to obtain an equation in xx and yy.

(8)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足微分方程

ye3xdydx=x(y+5).y\mathrm{e}^{3x}\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=x(y+5).

已知当 x=0x=0 时,y=0y=0。

解这个微分方程,得到一个关于 xx 和 yy 的方程。

(8)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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分离变量后,把关于 yy 的分式拆成常数与简单分式;关于 xx 的积分用分部积分。最后代入初值并合并对数。

答题过程

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Separating variables,

yy+5 dy=xe−3x dx.\frac{y}{y+5}\,\mathrm{d}y=xe^{-3x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

For the left-hand side,

∫yy+5 dy= ∫(1−5y+5) dy= y−5ln⁡∣y+5∣+C1.\begin{align*} \int\frac{y}{y+5}\,\mathrm{d}y =&\,\int\bigg(1-\frac5{y+5}\bigg)\,\mathrm{d}y\\[4mm] =&\,y-5\ln|y+5|+C_1. \end{align*}

For the right-hand side, integration by parts with u=xu=x and dv=e−3x dx\mathrm{d}v=e^{-3x}\,\mathrm{d}x gives

∫xe−3x dx= −13xe−3x+13∫e−3x dx= −13xe−3x−19e−3x+C.\begin{align*} \int xe^{-3x}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,-\frac13xe^{-3x} +\frac13\int e^{-3x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-\frac13xe^{-3x}-\frac19e^{-3x}+C. \end{align*}

Thus

y−5ln⁡∣y+5∣=−3x+19e−3x+C.y-5\ln|y+5|=-\frac{3x+1}{9}e^{-3x}+C.

Substituting x=0x=0, y=0y=0,

−5ln⁡5=−19+C⟹C=19−5ln⁡5.-5\ln5=-\frac19+C \quad\Longrightarrow\quad C=\frac19-5\ln5.

On the branch through the initial point, y+5>0y+5>0. Combining the logarithms gives the required relation

y−5ln⁡(y+55)=1−(3x+1)e−3x9.\boxed{ y-5\ln\bigg(\frac{y+5}{5}\bigg) =\frac{1-(3x+1)e^{-3x}}9 }.