题目
The curve has one stationary point in the interval , where (see diagram).
(a) Show that .
(b) Verify by calculation that lies between and .
(c) Show that if a sequence of values in the interval given by the iterative formula
converges, then it converges to , the root of the equation in part (a).
(d) Use the iterative formula given in part (c) to determine correct to 2 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places.
题目中文翻译
曲线 在区间 内有一个驻点,该处 (见图)。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 通过计算验证 位于 与 之间。
(c) 证明:若由迭代公式
给出的、位于区间 内的数列收敛,则它收敛于 (a) 小问中方程的根 。
(d) 利用 (c) 小问给出的迭代公式求 ,精确到小数点后 2 位。写出每次迭代的结果,精确到小数点后 4 位。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用乘积法则求导。区间内 且 ,可将驻点方程乘以正的根式并约去非零因子。
答题过程
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For ,
At the derivative is zero, so
The value does not satisfy this equation, so . Dividing by gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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在区间 内正切连续,计算移项后函数的两端符号。
答题过程
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Let . Then
The function is continuous on , so it has a root there. This is the given stationary-point root , hence .
(c)
解法一
思路
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对迭代式取极限,再用 。极限式本身会把极限限制在第二象限。
答题过程
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Suppose . By continuity,
Since the terms lie in , . The fixed-point equation then implies and, in fact, .
Thus
Therefore satisfies the equation in part (a). It cannot lie in because the tangent there is positive; on , the function is strictly increasing and has one zero. Hence .
(d)
解法一
思路
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使用(c)的迭代式,从区间内取初值,内部保留精度,列出四位小数直到数值稳定。
答题过程
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Starting with , use
in radians.
| to 4 decimal places | |
|---|---|
| 0 | 2.2500 |
| 1 | 2.2974 |
| 2 | 2.2871 |
| 3 | 2.2893 |
| 4 | 2.2888 |
| 5 | 2.2889 |
| 6 | 2.2889 |
Therefore to 2 decimal places.