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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Q10

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

The curve y=xsin⁡xy=x\sqrt{\sin x} has one stationary point in the interval 0<x<π0<x<\pi, where x=ax=a (see diagram).

(a) Show that tan⁡a=−12a\tan a=-\frac12a.

(4)

(b) Verify by calculation that aa lies between 22 and 2.52.5.

(2)

(c) Show that if a sequence of values in the interval 0<x<π0<x<\pi given by the iterative formula

xn+1=π−tan⁡−1(12xn)x_{n+1}=\pi-\tan^{-1}\big(\tfrac12x_n\big)

converges, then it converges to aa, the root of the equation in part (a).

(2)

(d) Use the iterative formula given in part (c) to determine aa correct to 2 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

曲线 y=xsin⁡xy=x\sqrt{\sin x} 在区间 0<x<π0<x<\pi 内有一个驻点,该处 x=ax=a(见图)。

(a) 证明 tan⁡a=−12a\tan a=-\frac12a。

(4)

(b) 通过计算验证 aa 位于 22 与 2.52.5 之间。

(2)

(c) 证明:若由迭代公式

xn+1=π−tan⁡−1(12xn)x_{n+1}=\pi-\tan^{-1}\big(\tfrac12x_n\big)

给出的、位于区间 0<x<π0<x<\pi 内的数列收敛,则它收敛于 (a) 小问中方程的根 aa。

(2)

(d) 利用 (c) 小问给出的迭代公式求 aa,精确到小数点后 2 位。写出每次迭代的结果,精确到小数点后 4 位。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用乘积法则求导。区间内 x>0x>0 且 sin⁡x>0\sin x>0,可将驻点方程乘以正的根式并约去非零因子。

答题过程

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For y=xsin⁡xy=x\sqrt{\sin x},

dydx=sin⁡x+xcos⁡x2sin⁡x.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\sqrt{\sin x}+\frac{x\cos x}{2\sqrt{\sin x}}.

At x=ax=a the derivative is zero, so

2sin⁡a+acos⁡a=0.2\sin a+a\cos a=0.

The value a=π/2a=\pi/2 does not satisfy this equation, so cos⁡a≠0\cos a\ne0. Dividing by 2cos⁡a2\cos a gives

tan⁡a=−a2.\boxed{\tan a=-\frac a2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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在区间 [2,2.5][2,2.5] 内正切连续,计算移项后函数的两端符号。

答题过程

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Let f(x)=tan⁡x+x/2f(x)=\tan x+x/2. Then

f(2)= −1.185039…<0,f(2.5)= 0.502977…>0.\begin{align*} f(2)=&\,-1.185039\ldots<0,\\[4mm] f(2.5)=&\,0.502977\ldots>0. \end{align*}

The function is continuous on [2,2.5][2,2.5], so it has a root there. This is the given stationary-point root aa, hence 2<a<2.5\boxed{2<a<2.5}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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对迭代式取极限,再用 tan⁡(π−θ)=−tan⁡θ\tan(\pi-\theta)=-\tan\theta。极限式本身会把极限限制在第二象限。

答题过程

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Suppose xn→Lx_n\to L. By continuity,

L=π−tan⁡−1L2.L=\pi-\tan^{-1}\frac L2.

Since the terms lie in (0,π)(0,\pi), L∈[0,π]L\in[0,\pi]. The fixed-point equation then implies 0<L<π0<L<\pi and, in fact, π/2<L<π\pi/2<L<\pi.

Thus

tan⁡L= tan⁡(π−tan⁡−1L2)= −L2.\begin{align*} \tan L =&\,\tan\bigg(\pi-\tan^{-1}\frac L2\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,-\frac L2. \end{align*}

Therefore LL satisfies the equation in part (a). It cannot lie in (0,π/2)(0,\pi/2) because the tangent there is positive; on (π/2,π)(\pi/2,\pi), the function tan⁡x+x/2\tan x+x/2 is strictly increasing and has one zero. Hence L=a\boxed{L=a}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

使用(c)的迭代式,从区间内取初值,内部保留精度,列出四位小数直到数值稳定。

答题过程

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Starting with x0=2.25x_0=2.25, use

xn+1=π−tan⁡−1xn2x_{n+1}=\pi-\tan^{-1}\frac{x_n}{2}

in radians.

nnxnx_n to 4 decimal places
02.2500
12.2974
22.2871
32.2893
42.2888
52.2889
62.2889

Therefore a=2.29\boxed{a=2.29} to 2 decimal places.