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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Q4

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy satisfy the differential equation

dydx=xy1+x2,\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{xy}{1+x^2},

and y=2y=2 when x=0x=0.

Solve the differential equation, obtaining a simplified expression for yy in terms of xx.

(7)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足微分方程

dydx=xy1+x2,\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{xy}{1+x^2},

且当 x=0x=0 时,y=2y=2。

解此微分方程,求出用 xx 表示 yy 的化简表达式。

(7)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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分离变量后,两侧均是对数积分。初值为正,取通过该初值的正分支,最后指数化并化简根式。

答题过程

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On the branch through y=2y=2, separate variables:

1y dy=x1+x2 dx.\frac1y\,\mathrm{d}y=\frac{x}{1+x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x.

The derivative of 1+x21+x^2 is 2x2x, so integrating gives

ln⁡y=12ln⁡(1+x2)+C.\ln y=\frac12\ln(1+x^2)+C.

Using x=0x=0, y=2y=2 gives C=ln⁡2C=\ln2. Hence

ln⁡y2=12ln⁡(1+x2).\ln\frac y2=\frac12\ln(1+x^2).

Exponentiating,

y2=(1+x2)1/2.\frac y2=(1+x^2)^{1/2}.

Therefore y=21+x2\boxed{y=2\sqrt{1+x^2}}.