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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Q5

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The polynomial ax3−10x2+bx+8ax^3-10x^2+bx+8, where aa and bb are constants, is denoted by p(x)\mathrm{p}(x). It is given that (x−2)(x-2) is a factor of both p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) and p′(x)\mathrm{p}'(x).

(a) Find the values of aa and bb.

(5)

(b) When aa and bb have these values, factorise p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) completely.

(3)
题目中文翻译

多项式 ax3−10x2+bx+8ax^3-10x^2+bx+8 记为 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x),其中 aa 和 bb 为常数。已知 (x−2)(x-2) 是 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) 和 p′(x)\mathrm{p}'(x) 的公因式。

(a) 求 aa 和 bb 的值。

(5)

(b) 当 aa 和 bb 取上述值时,将 p(x)\mathrm{p}(x) 完全因式分解。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

共同因式给出 p(2)=0p(2)=0 与 p′(2)=0p'(2)=0。先对多项式求导,再代入这两个条件解联立方程。

答题过程

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By the factor theorem, p(2)=0\mathrm p(2)=0. Thus

8a−40+2b+8= 0,4a+b= 16.\begin{align*} 8a-40+2b+8=&\,0,\\[4mm] 4a+b=&\,16. \end{align*}

Also

p′(x)=3ax2−20x+b.\mathrm p'(x)=3ax^2-20x+b.

Since x−2x-2 is a factor of p′(x)\mathrm p'(x),

12a−40+b= 0,12a+b= 40.\begin{align*} 12a-40+b=&\,0,\\[4mm] 12a+b=&\,40. \end{align*}

Subtracting gives 8a=248a=24, so a=3a=3. Then b=16−12=4b=16-12=4.

Therefore a=3,b=4\boxed{a=3,\qquad b=4}.

解法二

思路

展开

若一个根同时使多项式与其导数为零,它是重根。利用常数项可以直接写出剩余一次因子,再比较系数。

答题过程

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Since both p(2)\mathrm p(2) and p′(2)\mathrm p'(2) are zero, (x−2)2(x-2)^2 divides p(x)\mathrm p(x).

The leading coefficient is aa and the constant term is 88, so

p(x)=(x−2)2(ax+2).\mathrm p(x)=(x-2)^2(ax+2).

Expanding,

p(x)= ax3+(2−4a)x2 +(4a−8)x+8.\begin{align*} \mathrm p(x)=&\,ax^3+(2-4a)x^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+(4a-8)x+8. \end{align*}

Comparing coefficients,

2−4a=−10,b=4a−8.2-4a=-10,\qquad b=4a-8.

Hence a=3,b=4\boxed{a=3,\qquad b=4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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利用(a)得到的常数值,把三次式除以 x−2x-2,再分解所得二次因子。

答题过程

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With a=3a=3, b=4b=4,

p(x)=3x3−10x2+4x+8.\mathrm p(x)=3x^3-10x^2+4x+8.

Division by x−2x-2 gives

p(x)=(x−2)(3x2−4x−4).\mathrm p(x)=(x-2)(3x^2-4x-4).

Now

3x2−4x−4=3x2−6x+2x−4=(3x+2)(x−2).3x^2-4x-4=3x^2-6x+2x-4 =(3x+2)(x-2).

Therefore

p(x)=(3x+2)(x−2)2.\boxed{\mathrm p(x)=(3x+2)(x-2)^2}.