题目
Problem
The polynomial ax3−10x2+bx+8, where a and b are constants, is denoted by p(x). It is given that (x−2) is a factor of both p(x) and p′(x).
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(5)
(b) When a and b have these values, factorise p(x) completely.
(3)
题目中文翻译
多项式 ax3−10x2+bx+8 记为 p(x),其中 a 和 b 为常数。已知 (x−2) 是 p(x) 和 p′(x) 的公因式。
(a) 求 a 和 b 的值。
(5)
(b) 当 a 和 b 取上述值时,将 p(x) 完全因式分解。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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共同因式给出 p(2)=0 与 p′(2)=0。先对多项式求导,再代入这两个条件解联立方程。
答题过程
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By the factor theorem, p(2)=0. Thus
8a−40+2b+8=4a+b=0,16.
Also
p′(x)=3ax2−20x+b.
Since x−2 is a factor of p′(x),
12a−40+b=12a+b=0,40.
Subtracting gives 8a=24, so a=3. Then b=16−12=4.
Therefore a=3,b=4.
解法二
思路
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若一个根同时使多项式与其导数为零,它是重根。利用常数项可以直接写出剩余一次因子,再比较系数。
答题过程
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Since both p(2) and p′(2) are zero, (x−2)2 divides p(x).
The leading coefficient is a and the constant term is 8, so
p(x)=(x−2)2(ax+2).
Expanding,
p(x)=ax3+(2−4a)x2+(4a−8)x+8.
Comparing coefficients,
2−4a=−10,b=4a−8.
Hence a=3,b=4.
(b)
解法一
思路
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利用(a)得到的常数值,把三次式除以 x−2,再分解所得二次因子。
答题过程
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With a=3, b=4,
p(x)=3x3−10x2+4x+8.
Division by x−2 gives
p(x)=(x−2)(3x2−4x−4).
Now
3x2−4x−4=3x2−6x+2x−4=(3x+2)(x−2).
Therefore
p(x)=(3x+2)(x−2)2.