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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 32 Q10

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

The complex number −1+7i-1+\sqrt7\mathrm{i} is denoted by uu. It is given that uu is a root of the equation

2x3+3x2+14x+k=0,2x^3+3x^2+14x+k=0,

where kk is a real constant.

(a) Find the value of kk.

(3)

(b) Find the other two roots of the equation.

(4)

(c) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of points representing complex numbers zz satisfying the equation ∣z−u∣=2|z-u|=2.

(2)

(d) Determine the greatest value of arg⁡z\arg z for points on this locus, giving your answer in radians.

(2)
题目中文翻译

复数 −1+7i-1+\sqrt7\mathrm{i} 记为 uu。已知 uu 是方程

2x3+3x2+14x+k=02x^3+3x^2+14x+k=0

的一个根,其中 kk 为实常数。

(a) 求 kk 的值。

(3)

(b) 求该方程的另外两个根。

(4)

(c) 在阿根图上,画出表示满足方程 ∣z−u∣=2|z-u|=2 的复数 zz 的点的轨迹草图。

(2)

(d) 求此轨迹上的点所对应的 arg⁡z\arg z 的最大值,答案用弧度表示。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先算给定复数根的平方与立方,代入三次方程。实部决定 kk,虚部应相消。

答题过程

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Let u=−1+7 iu=-1+\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}. Then

u2=1−27 i−7=−6−27 i,u^2=1-2\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}-7 =-6-2\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i},

and

u3= (−6−27 i)(−1+7 i)= 6−67 i+27 i+14= 20−47 i.\begin{align*} u^3 =&\,(-6-2\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i})(-1+\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i})\\[4mm] =&\,6-6\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}+2\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}+14\\[4mm] =&\,20-4\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}. \end{align*}

Since uu is a root,

0= 2(20−47 i)+3(−6−27 i) +14(−1+7 i)+k= 8+k.\begin{align*} 0 =&\,2(20-4\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}) +3(-6-2\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i})\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+14(-1+\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i})+k\\[4mm] =&\,8+k. \end{align*}

Therefore k=−8\boxed{k=-8}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

多项式系数均为实数,非实根的共轭也是根。用这两个根构造实二次因子,再求剩余一次因子。

答题过程

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Since the coefficients are real, the conjugate root is

−1−7 i.\boxed{-1-\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}}.

The quadratic factor from the conjugate pair is

 (x+1−7 i)(x+1+7 i)= (x+1)2+7= x2+2x+8.\begin{align*} &\,\big(x+1-\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}\big) \big(x+1+\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i}\big)\\[4mm] =&\,(x+1)^2+7\\[4mm] =&\,x^2+2x+8. \end{align*}

Using k=−8k=-8, the quotient by x2+2x+8x^2+2x+8 has leading term 2x2x. The x2x^2 coefficient then gives the remaining constant as 3−4=−13-4=-1, so

2x3+3x2+14x−8=(x2+2x+8)(2x−1).2x^3+3x^2+14x-8=(x^2+2x+8)(2x-1).

Thus the remaining root is x=1/2\boxed{x=1/2}, and the other two roots are −1−7 i-1-\sqrt7\,\mathrm{i} and 1/21/2.

(c)

解法一

思路

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模等于常数表示到复数点 uu 的距离固定,即圆周,不能涂整个圆盘。

答题过程

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The locus is the circle

(x+1)2+(y−7)2=4,(x+1)^2+(y-\sqrt7)^2=4,

with centre (−1,7)(-1,\sqrt7) and radius 22. Sketch the circumference and label the centre and radius.

(d)

解法一

思路

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从原点向圆作较大辐角方向的切线。利用原点、圆心、切点组成的直角三角形,给圆心辐角加上切线偏角。

答题过程

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Let C=(−1,7)C=(-1,\sqrt7) and let TT be the tangency point giving the greater argument. Then

OC=1+7=22,CT=2.OC=\sqrt{1+7}=2\sqrt2,\qquad CT=2.

Since CT⊥OTCT\perp OT,

∠COT=sin⁡−1222=π4.\angle COT=\sin^{-1}\frac{2}{2\sqrt2}=\frac\pi4.

The centre is in the second quadrant, with

arg⁡C=π2+tan⁡−117.\arg C=\frac\pi2+\tan^{-1}\frac1{\sqrt7}.

Therefore

max⁡arg⁡z= π2+tan⁡−117+π4= 2.7175616….\begin{align*} \max\arg z =&\,\frac\pi2+\tan^{-1}\frac1{\sqrt7}+\frac\pi4\\[4mm] =&\,2.7175616\ldots. \end{align*}

Hence max⁡arg⁡z=2.72 radians\boxed{\max\arg z=2.72\text{ radians}} to 3 significant figures.