题目
Problem
The lines l and m have vector equations
r=−i+3j+4k+λ(2i−j−k)
and
r=5i+4j+3k+μ(ai+bj+k)
respectively, where a and b are constants.
(a) Given that l and m intersect, show that 2b−a=4.
(4)
(b) Given also that l and m are perpendicular, find the values of a and b.
(4)
(c) When a and b have these values, find the position vector of the point of intersection of l and m.
(2)
题目中文翻译
直线 l 和 m 的向量方程分别为
r=−i+3j+4k+λ(2i−j−k)
和
r=5i+4j+3k+μ(ai+bj+k),
其中 a 和 b 为常数。
(a) 已知 l 和 m 相交,证明 2b−a=4。
(4)
(b) 另已知 l 和 m 互相垂直,求 a 和 b 的值。
(4)
(c) 当 a 和 b 取上述值时,求 l 和 m 的交点的位置向量。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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交点的三个分量相等,先用第三分量消去 λ,再从前两分量消去 μ,注意先证明可约的参数非零。
答题过程
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At an intersection,
−1+2λ=3−λ=4−λ=5+aμ,4+bμ,3+μ.
The third gives λ=1−μ. Substituting into the first two,
(a+2)μ=(1−b)μ=−4,2.
The second equation shows μ=0. Adding the first equation to twice the second gives
(a+2+2−2b)μ=0.
Therefore a+4−2b=0, so
2b−a=4.
(b)
解法一
思路
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利用方向向量垂直的点积条件,与(a)的相交条件联立。
答题过程
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The direction vectors are (2,−1,−1) and (a,b,1). Perpendicularity gives
2a−b−1=0.
Using a=2b−4 from part (a),
2(2b−4)−b−1=3b=0,9.
Thus b=3,a=2.
(c)
解法一
思路
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将(a)(b)求出的常数代入分量方程,解参数并核对三分量。
答题过程
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With a=2, b=3, the equations from part (a) give
(1−3)μ=2,μ=−1,
and λ=1−μ=2.
Using line l,
(−1,3,4)+2(2,−1,−1)=(3,1,2).
Line m gives (5,4,3)−(2,3,1)=(3,1,2) as well. Hence the intersection has position vector
3i+j+2k.