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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 33 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

At time tt days after the start of observations, the number of insects in a population is NN. The variation in the number of insects is modelled by a differential equation of the form

dNdt=kN32cos⁡0.02t,\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}t}=kN^{\frac32}\cos0.02t,

where kk is a constant and NN is a continuous variable. It is given that when t=0t=0, N=100N=100.

(a) Solve the differential equation, obtaining a relation between NN, kk and tt.

(5)

(b) Given also that N=625N=625 when t=50t=50, find the value of kk.

(2)

(c) Obtain an expression for NN in terms of tt, and find the greatest value of NN predicted by this model.

(2)
题目中文翻译

从开始观测起经过 tt 天时,某昆虫种群中的昆虫数量为 NN。昆虫数量的变化用如下形式的微分方程建模:

dNdt=kN32cos⁡0.02t,\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}t}=kN^{\frac32}\cos0.02t,

其中 kk 为常数,NN 为连续变量。已知当 t=0t=0 时,N=100N=100。

(a) 解此微分方程,求出 NN、kk 和 tt 之间的关系。

(5)

(b) 另已知当 t=50t=50 时,N=625N=625,求 kk 的值。

(2)

(c) 求出用 tt 表示 NN 的表达式,并求此模型预测的 NN 的最大值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将 N−3/2N^{-3/2} 与时间函数分离,积分后使用初始种群值求常数。

答题过程

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Separating variables,

N−3/2 dN=kcos⁡(0.02t) dt.N^{-3/2}\,\mathrm{d}N=k\cos(0.02t)\,\mathrm{d}t.

Since the derivative of sin⁡(0.02t)\sin(0.02t) is 0.02cos⁡(0.02t)0.02\cos(0.02t), integration gives

−2N−1/2=50ksin⁡(0.02t)+C.-2N^{-1/2}=50k\sin(0.02t)+C.

Using N=100N=100 at t=0t=0,

−210=C=−0.2.-\frac2{10}=C=-0.2.

Therefore

−2N=50ksin⁡(0.02t)−0.2.\boxed{-\frac2{\sqrt N}=50k\sin(0.02t)-0.2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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代入第二组数据求 kk,注意时间角使用弧度。

答题过程

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Using N=625N=625, t=50t=50 in part (a),

−225=50ksin⁡1−0.2.-\frac2{25}=50k\sin1-0.2.

Thus

50ksin⁡1= 0.12,k= 0.1250sin⁡1.\begin{align*} 50k\sin1=&\,0.12,\\[4mm] k=&\,\frac{0.12}{50\sin1}. \end{align*}

Therefore k=0.00285\boxed{k=0.00285} to 3 significant figures.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先用未舍入的 kk 解出 NN。分母始终为正,最大种群在正弦为 11 时出现。

答题过程

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Rearranging part (a),

1N=0.1−25ksin⁡(0.02t).\frac1{\sqrt N}=0.1-25k\sin(0.02t).

Using the exact value of kk from part (b),

N=100(1−0.6sin⁡1sin⁡(0.02t))2.\boxed{N= \frac{100}{\big(1-\frac{0.6}{\sin1}\sin(0.02t)\big)^2}}.

Since 0<0.6/sin⁡1<10<0.6/\sin1<1, the denominator before squaring stays positive. It is least when sin⁡(0.02t)=1\sin(0.02t)=1, first occurring at t=25πt=25\pi.

Thus

Nmax⁡=100(1−0.6/sin⁡1)2=1214.3626….N_{\max} =\frac{100}{(1-0.6/\sin1)^2} =1214.3626\ldots.

The greatest predicted population is therefore 1.21×103\boxed{1.21\times10^3} insects to 3 significant figures.