题目
At time days after the start of observations, the number of insects in a population is . The variation in the number of insects is modelled by a differential equation of the form
where is a constant and is a continuous variable. It is given that when , .
(a) Solve the differential equation, obtaining a relation between , and .
(b) Given also that when , find the value of .
(c) Obtain an expression for in terms of , and find the greatest value of predicted by this model.
题目中文翻译
从开始观测起经过 天时,某昆虫种群中的昆虫数量为 。昆虫数量的变化用如下形式的微分方程建模:
其中 为常数, 为连续变量。已知当 时,。
(a) 解此微分方程,求出 、 和 之间的关系。
(b) 另已知当 时,,求 的值。
(c) 求出用 表示 的表达式,并求此模型预测的 的最大值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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将 与时间函数分离,积分后使用初始种群值求常数。
答题过程
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Separating variables,
Since the derivative of is , integration gives
Using at ,
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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代入第二组数据求 ,注意时间角使用弧度。
答题过程
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Using , in part (a),
Thus
Therefore to 3 significant figures.
(c)
解法一
思路
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先用未舍入的 解出 。分母始终为正,最大种群在正弦为 时出现。
答题过程
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Rearranging part (a),
Using the exact value of from part (b),
Since , the denominator before squaring stays positive. It is least when , first occurring at .
Thus
The greatest predicted population is therefore insects to 3 significant figures.