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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 33 Q10

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

Let f(x)=21−8x−2x2(1+2x)(3−x)2\mathrm{f}(x)=\dfrac{21-8x-2x^2}{(1+2x)(3-x)^2}.

(a) Express f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) in partial fractions.

(5)

(b) Hence obtain the expansion of f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) in ascending powers of xx, up to and including the term in x2x^2.

(5)
题目中文翻译

设 f(x)=21−8x−2x2(1+2x)(3−x)2\mathrm{f}(x)=\dfrac{21-8x-2x^2}{(1+2x)(3-x)^2}。

(a) 将 f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 表示为部分分式。

(5)

(b) 由此求 f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 按 xx 的升幂排列的展开式,展开至并包括 x2x^2 项。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

重复的一次因子需要两个分式。清分母后用特殊值求系数,再比较二次项。

答题过程

展开

Write

f(x)=A1+2x+B3−x+C(3−x)2.\mathrm f(x)=\frac{A}{1+2x}+\frac{B}{3-x}+\frac{C}{(3-x)^2}.

Then

21−8x−2x2= A(3−x)2 +B(1+2x)(3−x) +C(1+2x).\begin{align*} 21-8x-2x^2 =&\,A(3-x)^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+B(1+2x)(3-x)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{4pt}+C(1+2x). \end{align*}

At x=−1/2x=-1/2,

492=494A,soA=2.\frac{49}{2}=\frac{49}{4}A,\quad\text{so}\quad A=2.

At x=3x=3,

−21=7C,soC=−3.-21=7C,\quad\text{so}\quad C=-3.

Comparing coefficients of x2x^2, −2=A−2B-2=A-2B, so B=2B=2. Therefore

f(x)=21+2x+23−x−3(3−x)2.\boxed{\mathrm f(x)=\frac2{1+2x}+\frac2{3-x}-\frac3{(3-x)^2}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

承接(a),把三个分式写成标准二项式,分别展开到二次项,最后合并。

答题过程

展开

Using part (a),

21+2x=2(1+2x)−1=2−4x+8x2+⋯ ,\frac2{1+2x}=2(1+2x)^{-1} =2-4x+8x^2+\cdots, 23−x= 23(1−x3)−1= 23+29x+227x2+⋯ ,\begin{align*} \frac2{3-x} =&\,\frac23\bigg(1-\frac x3\bigg)^{-1}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac23+\frac29x+\frac2{27}x^2+\cdots, \end{align*}

and

−3(3−x)2= −13(1−x3)−2= −13(1+2x3+x23+⋯)= −13−29x−19x2+⋯ .\begin{align*} -\frac3{(3-x)^2} =&\,-\frac13\bigg(1-\frac x3\bigg)^{-2}\\[4mm] =&\,-\frac13\bigg(1+\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{x^2}{3}+\cdots\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,-\frac13-\frac29x-\frac19x^2+\cdots. \end{align*}

Adding gives

f(x)= (2+23−13)−4x +(8+227−19)x2+⋯= 73−4x+21527x2+⋯.\begin{align*} \mathrm f(x) =&\,\bigg(2+\frac23-\frac13\bigg)-4x\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\bigg(8+\frac2{27}-\frac19\bigg)x^2+\cdots\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac73-4x+\frac{215}{27}x^2+\cdots}. \end{align*}

These expansions hold in their common range ∣x∣<1/2|x|<1/2.

解法二

思路

展开

也可以对(a)的部分分式求导,再用零点处的函数值与前两阶导数写 Maclaurin 展开。

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

f(x)=21+2x+23−x−3(3−x)2.\mathrm f(x)=\frac2{1+2x}+\frac2{3-x}-\frac3{(3-x)^2}.

Differentiating,

f′(x)= −4(1+2x)2 +2(3−x)2−6(3−x)3,\begin{align*} \mathrm f'(x)=&\,-\frac4{(1+2x)^2}\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac2{(3-x)^2}-\frac6{(3-x)^3}, \end{align*} f′′(x)= 16(1+2x)3 +4(3−x)3−18(3−x)4.\begin{align*} \mathrm f''(x)=&\,\frac{16}{(1+2x)^3}\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac4{(3-x)^3}-\frac{18}{(3-x)^4}. \end{align*}

Thus

f(0)= 2+23−13=73,f′(0)= −4+29−627=−4,f′′(0)= 16+427−1881=43027.\begin{align*} \mathrm f(0)=&\,2+\frac23-\frac13=\frac73,\\[4mm] \mathrm f'(0)=&\,-4+\frac29-\frac6{27}=-4,\\[4mm] \mathrm f''(0)=&\,16+\frac4{27}-\frac{18}{81}=\frac{430}{27}. \end{align*}

Using f(x)=f(0)+xf′(0)+12x2f′′(0)+⋯\mathrm f(x)=\mathrm f(0)+x\mathrm f'(0)+\tfrac12x^2\mathrm f''(0)+\cdots,

f(x)=73−4x+21527x2+⋯.\boxed{\mathrm f(x)=\frac73-4x+\frac{215}{27}x^2+\cdots}.