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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 33 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy satisfy the differential equation

dydx=y2+4x(y+4)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{y^2+4}{x(y+4)}

for x>0x>0. It is given that x=4x=4 when y=23y=2\sqrt3.

Solve the differential equation to obtain the value of xx when y=2y=2.

(8)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足微分方程

dydx=y2+4x(y+4),\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{y^2+4}{x(y+4)},

其中 x>0x>0。已知当 y=23y=2\sqrt3 时,x=4x=4。

解此微分方程,求 y=2y=2 时 xx 的值。

(8)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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分离变量后把含 yy 的分式拆成对数型与反正切型。用初始点定常数,再代入目标 y=2y=2,最终指数化解出 xx。

答题过程

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Separating variables,

y+4y2+4 dy=1x dx.\frac{y+4}{y^2+4}\,\mathrm{d}y=\frac1x\,\mathrm{d}x.

Split the left side:

∫(yy2+4+4y2+4) dy=∫1x dx.\int\bigg(\frac{y}{y^2+4}+\frac4{y^2+4}\bigg)\,\mathrm{d}y =\int\frac1x\,\mathrm{d}x.

The derivatives of ln⁡(y2+4)\ln(y^2+4) and tan⁡−1(y/2)\tan^{-1}(y/2) are 2y/(y2+4)2y/(y^2+4) and 2/(y2+4)2/(y^2+4) respectively. Since x>0x>0, integration gives

12ln⁡(y2+4)+2tan⁡−1y2=ln⁡x+C.\frac12\ln(y^2+4)+2\tan^{-1}\frac y2 =\ln x+C.

At x=4x=4, y=23y=2\sqrt3,

12ln⁡16+2tan⁡−13=ln⁡4+C,\frac12\ln16+2\tan^{-1}\sqrt3=\ln4+C,

so C=2π/3C=2\pi/3. Thus

12ln⁡(y2+4)+2tan⁡−1y2=ln⁡x+2π3.\frac12\ln(y^2+4)+2\tan^{-1}\frac y2 =\ln x+\frac{2\pi}{3}.

When y=2y=2,

12ln⁡8+π2=ln⁡x+2π3.\frac12\ln8+\frac\pi2=\ln x+\frac{2\pi}{3}.

Therefore

ln⁡x=ln⁡(22)−π6,\ln x=\ln(2\sqrt2)-\frac\pi6,

giving

x=22 e−π/6.\boxed{x=2\sqrt2\,e^{-\pi/6}}.