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CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 32 Q5

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(a) It is given that the equation e2x=5+cos⁡3x\mathrm{e}^{2x}=5+\cos3x has only one root.

Show by calculation that this root lies in the interval 0.7<x<0.80.7<x<0.8.

(2)

(b) Show that if a sequence of values in the interval 0.7<x<0.80.7<x<0.8 given by the iterative formula

xn+1=12ln⁡(5+cos⁡3xn)x_{n+1}=\frac12\ln(5+\cos3x_n)

converges, then it converges to the root of the equation in part (a).

(1)

(c) Use this iterative formula to determine the root correct to 33 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 55 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知方程 e2x=5+cos⁡3x\mathrm{e}^{2x}=5+\cos3x 只有一个根。

通过计算证明此根位于区间 0.7<x<0.80.7<x<0.8 内。

(2)

(b) 证明:如果由迭代公式

xn+1=12ln⁡(5+cos⁡3xn)x_{n+1}=\frac12\ln(5+\cos3x_n)

给出的、取值在区间 0.7<x<0.80.7<x<0.8 内的数列收敛,那么它收敛于 (a) 问中方程的根。

(1)

(c) 使用此迭代公式求此根,结果保留 33 位小数。每次迭代的结果保留 55 位小数。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

构造连续函数并计算区间端点,弧度制下的变号确定根的位置。

答题过程

展开

Let f(x)=e2x−5−cos⁡3xf(x)=e^{2x}-5-\cos3x. Using radians,

f(0.7)= −0.439953…<0,f(0.8)= 0.690426…>0.\begin{align*} f(0.7)=&\,-0.439953\ldots<0,\\[4mm] f(0.8)=&\,0.690426\ldots>0. \end{align*}

Since ff is continuous, the sign change proves that a root lies in (0.7,0.8)(0.7,0.8). The question gives uniqueness, so the required root satisfies

0.7<x<0.8.\boxed{0.7<x<0.8}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

取极限后得到不动点方程,再指数化即可恢复原方程。

答题过程

展开

If the sequence converges to LL, then 0.7⩽L⩽0.80.7\leqslant L\leqslant0.8. The iteration function is continuous for all real inputs, since 5+cos⁡3x⩾4>05+\cos3x\geqslant4>0. Taking limits gives

L=12ln⁡(5+cos⁡3L).L=\frac12\ln(5+\cos3L).

Thus

2L=ln⁡(5+cos⁡3L)⟹e2L=5+cos⁡3L.2L=\ln(5+\cos3L) \quad\Longrightarrow\quad e^{2L}=5+\cos3L.

Neither endpoint is a root, as shown in (a), so 0.7<L<0.80.7<L<0.8. Therefore the limit is the root in (a).

(c)

解法一

思路

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使用区间内初值,计算保留完整精度,输出五位小数。

答题过程

展开

Starting with x0=0.75x_0=0.75, apply the iteration in radians:

xn+1=12ln⁡(5+cos⁡3xn).x_{n+1}=\frac12\ln(5+\cos3x_n).

The values are

nnxnx_n to 5 decimal places
00.75000
10.73759
20.74094
30.74003
40.74028
50.74021
60.74023

Hence x=0.740\boxed{x=0.740} to 3 decimal places.