题目
Problem
Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y = e 2 x sin 2 x y=\mathrm{e}^{2x}\sin2x y = e 2 x sin 2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 2 π 0\le x\le\frac12\pi 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 1 π .
(5)
题目中文翻译
求曲线 y = e 2 x sin 2 x y=\mathrm{e}^{2x}\sin2x y = e 2 x sin 2 x 在 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 2 π 0\le x\le\frac12\pi 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 1 π 范围内的驻点的精确坐标。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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用乘积法则求导。指数函数恒正,因此只需解三角函数因子的零点;最后把横坐标代回原式求纵坐标。
答题过程
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Differentiating,
d y d x = 2 e 2 x sin 2 x + 2 e 2 x cos 2 x . \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}
=2e^{2x}\sin2x+2e^{2x}\cos2x. d x d y = 2 e 2 x sin 2 x + 2 e 2 x cos 2 x .
At a stationary point, e 2 x > 0 e^{2x}>0 e 2 x > 0 , so
sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 0. \sin2x+\cos2x=0. sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 0.
Here cos 2 x = 0 \cos2x=0 cos 2 x = 0 would not satisfy this equation. Hence
tan 2 x = − 1. \tan2x=-1. tan 2 x = − 1.
Since 0 ≤ 2 x ≤ π 0\le2x\le\pi 0 ≤ 2 x ≤ π , the only solution is 2 x = 3 π / 4 2x=3\pi/4 2 x = 3 π /4 . Thus
x = 3 π 8 , y = e 3 π / 4 sin 3 π 4 = 2 2 e 3 π / 4 . \begin{align*}
x=&\,\frac{3\pi}{8},\\[4mm]
y=&\,e^{3\pi/4}\sin\frac{3\pi}{4}
=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}e^{3\pi/4}.
\end{align*} x = y = 8 3 π , e 3 π /4 sin 4 3 π = 2 2 e 3 π /4 .
The stationary point is
( 3 π 8 , 2 2 e 3 π / 4 ) . \boxed{\bigg(\frac{3\pi}{8},\frac{\sqrt2}{2}e^{3\pi/4}\bigg)}. ( 8 3 π , 2 2 e 3 π /4 ) .
解法二
思路
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求导后的三角方程也可以用倍角公式改写为关于 tan x \tan x tan x 的二次方程。注意端点 x = π / 2 x=\pi/2 x = π /2 不能在除以 cos 2 x \cos^2x cos 2 x 时遗漏检查。
答题过程
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The derivative is
d y d x = 2 e 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) . \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}
=2e^{2x}(\sin2x+\cos2x). d x d y = 2 e 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) .
Neither endpoint is stationary: the derivative is 2 2 2 at x = 0 x=0 x = 0 and − 2 e π -2e^\pi − 2 e π at x = π / 2 x=\pi/2 x = π /2 .
For 0 < x < π / 2 0<x<\pi/2 0 < x < π /2 , use the double-angle formulae:
2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x − sin 2 x = 0. 2\sin x\cos x+\cos^2x-\sin^2x=0. 2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x − sin 2 x = 0.
Dividing by cos 2 x > 0 \cos^2x>0 cos 2 x > 0 ,
tan 2 x − 2 tan x − 1 = 0. \tan^2x-2\tan x-1=0. tan 2 x − 2 tan x − 1 = 0.
Therefore tan x = 1 ± 2 \tan x=1\pm\sqrt2 tan x = 1 ± 2 . Since tan x > 0 \tan x>0 tan x > 0 ,
tan x = 1 + 2 , x = 3 π 8 . \tan x=1+\sqrt2,\qquad x=\frac{3\pi}{8}. tan x = 1 + 2 , x = 8 3 π .
Substitution into the curve gives the stationary point
( 3 π 8 , 2 2 e 3 π / 4 ) . \boxed{\bigg(\frac{3\pi}{8},\frac{\sqrt2}{2}e^{3\pi/4}\bigg)}. ( 8 3 π , 2 2 e 3 π /4 ) .