题目
Problem
The variables x and y satisfy the equation ky=ecx, where k and c are constants. The graph of lny against x is a straight line passing through the points (2.80,0.372) and (5.10,2.21), as shown in the diagram.
Find the values of k and c. Give each value correct to 2 significant figures.
(4)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足方程 ky=ecx,其中 k 和 c 为常数。如图所示,lny 对 x 的图像是一条经过点 (2.80,0.372) 和 (5.10,2.21) 的直线。
求 k 和 c 的值。每个值均保留 2 位有效数字。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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取对数得到 lny=cx−lnk。图上的纵坐标已经是 lny,因此斜率直接给出 c,截距则是 −lnk。
答题过程
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Taking natural logarithms,
lnk+lny=lny=cx,cx−lnk.
The gradient of the graph of lny against x is therefore c:
c=5.10−2.802.21−0.372=2.301.838=0.799130….
Using the point (2.80,0.372),
0.372=lnk=2.80c−lnk,2.80c−0.372=1.865565….
Thus k=e1.865565…=6.459585…. To 2 significant figures,
c=0.80,k=6.5.