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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 31 Q5

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The polynomial 3x3+pax2+7a2x+qa33x^3+pax^2+7a^2x+qa^3 is denoted by f(x)\mathrm{f}(x), where pp, qq and aa are constants and a≠0a\ne0.

When f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) is divided by (x+2a)(x+2a) the remainder is −22a3-22a^3. When f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) is divided by (3x−a)(3x-a) the remainder is −a3-a^3.

Find the values of pp and qq.

(5)
题目中文翻译

将多项式 3x3+pax2+7a2x+qa33x^3+pax^2+7a^2x+qa^3 记为 f(x)\mathrm{f}(x),其中 pp、qq 和 aa 为常数,且 a≠0a\ne0。

f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 除以 (x+2a)(x+2a) 的余数为 −22a3-22a^3。f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 除以 (3x−a)(3x-a) 的余数为 −a3-a^3。

求 pp 和 qq 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

展开

两次用余式定理,代入各除式的根。所有项都含非零的 a3a^3,约去后得到关于 p,qp,q 的联立方程。

答题过程

展开

By the remainder theorem,

f(−2a)=−22a3.f(-2a)=-22a^3.

Thus

f(−2a)= 3(−2a)3+pa(−2a)2 +7a2(−2a)+qa3= (−24+4p−14+q)a3= −22a3.\begin{align*} f(-2a)=&\,3(-2a)^3+pa(-2a)^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+7a^2(-2a)+qa^3\\[4mm] =&\,(-24+4p-14+q)a^3\\[4mm] =&\,-22a^3. \end{align*}

Since a≠0a\ne0, divide by a3a^3:

4p+q=16.(1)4p+q=16. \tag{1}

The root of 3x−a3x-a is x=a/3x=a/3, so

f(a/3)=−a3.f(a/3)=-a^3.

Substituting,

f(a/3)= (19+p9+73+q)a3= −a3.\begin{align*} f(a/3)=&\,\bigg(\frac19+\frac p9+\frac73+q\bigg)a^3\\[4mm] =&\,-a^3. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 9/a39/a^3 gives

p+9q=−31.(2)p+9q=-31. \tag{2}

Using q=16−4pq=16-4p from (1) in (2),

p+9(16−4p)=−31⟹−35p=−175.p+9(16-4p)=-31 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad -35p=-175.

Hence

p=5,q=−4.\boxed{p=5,\qquad q=-4}.