题目
Problem
The polynomial 3x3+pax2+7a2x+qa3 is denoted by f(x), where p, q and a are constants and a=0.
When f(x) is divided by (x+2a) the remainder is −22a3. When f(x) is divided by (3x−a) the remainder is −a3.
Find the values of p and q.
(5)
题目中文翻译
将多项式 3x3+pax2+7a2x+qa3 记为 f(x),其中 p、q 和 a 为常数,且 a=0。
f(x) 除以 (x+2a) 的余数为 −22a3。f(x) 除以 (3x−a) 的余数为 −a3。
求 p 和 q 的值。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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两次用余式定理,代入各除式的根。所有项都含非零的 a3,约去后得到关于 p,q 的联立方程。
答题过程
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By the remainder theorem,
f(−2a)=−22a3.
Thus
f(−2a)===3(−2a)3+pa(−2a)2+7a2(−2a)+qa3(−24+4p−14+q)a3−22a3.
Since a=0, divide by a3:
4p+q=16.(1)
The root of 3x−a is x=a/3, so
f(a/3)=−a3.
Substituting,
f(a/3)==(91+9p+37+q)a3−a3.
Multiplying by 9/a3 gives
p+9q=−31.(2)
Using q=16−4p from (1) in (2),
p+9(16−4p)=−31⟹−35p=−175.
Hence
p=5,q=−4.