题目
Problem
The variables x and y satisfy the differential equation
sin4ydxdy=xsin2ysin3x.
It is given that y=121π when x=21π.
(a) Solve the differential equation, obtaining a relation between x and y.
(8)
(b) Given that 0<y<21π, find the values of y when x=0.
(2)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足微分方程
sin4ydxdy=xsin2ysin3x.
已知当 x=21π 时,y=121π。
(a) 解此微分方程,求出 x 与 y 之间的关系。
(8)
(b) 已知 0<y<21π,求当 x=0 时 y 的值。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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分离变量后用二倍角约去 sin2y,左边可直接积分,右边用分部积分。最后代入初值。
答题过程
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Near the initial point, sin2y=0. Separating variables,
sin2ysin4ydy=xsin3xdx.
Since sin4y=2sin2ycos2y, the left-hand integral is
∫2cos2ydy=sin2y.
For the right-hand side, take u=x and dv=sin3xdx, so du=dx and v=−cos3x/3. Integration by parts gives
∫xsin3xdx==−3xcos3x+31∫cos3xdx−3xcos3x+91sin3x+C.
Thus
sin2y=−3xcos3x+91sin3x+C.
Using y=π/12 at x=π/2,
21=0−91+C⟹C=1811.
Therefore the required relation is
sin2y=−3xcos3x+91sin3x+1811.