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CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 31 Q4

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The square roots of −71−(203)i-71-(20\sqrt3)\mathrm{i} can be expressed in the Cartesian form x+iyx+\mathrm{i}y, where xx and yy are real and exact.

By first forming a quartic equation, find the square roots of −71−(203)i-71-(20\sqrt3)\mathrm{i}. Give your answer in exact Cartesian form.

(5)
题目中文翻译

−71−(203)i-71-(20\sqrt3)\mathrm{i} 的平方根可以表示为直角坐标形式 x+iyx+\mathrm{i}y,其中 xx 和 yy 均为精确的实数。

先建立一个四次方程,再求 −71−(203)i-71-(20\sqrt3)\mathrm{i} 的平方根。答案写成精确的直角坐标形式。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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平方后比较实部与虚部。消去 yy 得到关于 xx 的四次方程,求实数 xx 时排除负的 x2x^2。

答题过程

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If (x+iy)2=−71−203 i(x+\mathrm{i}y)^2=-71-20\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i}, then

x2−y2= −71,xy= −103.\begin{align*} x^2-y^2=&\,-71,\\[4mm] xy=&\,-10\sqrt3. \end{align*}

Since xy≠0xy\ne0, y=−103/xy=-10\sqrt3/x. Substituting gives

x2−300x2= −71,x4+71x2−300= 0,(x2−4)(x2+75)= 0.\begin{align*} x^2-\frac{300}{x^2}=&\,-71,\\[4mm] x^4+71x^2-300=&\,0,\\[4mm] (x^2-4)(x^2+75)=&\,0. \end{align*}

For real xx, this gives x=2x=2 or −2-2. The equation for xyxy then gives y=−53y=-5\sqrt3 or 535\sqrt3, respectively. The square roots are

2−53 i,−2+53 i.2-5\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i},\qquad -2+5\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i}.