题目
A curve is such that the gradient of the curve at any point is proportional to the -coordinate at that point. The curve passes through the points and .
Form and solve a differential equation to find in terms of .
题目中文翻译
一条曲线在任意一点处的斜率与该点的 坐标成正比。曲线经过点 和 。
建立并求解一个微分方程,求用 表示的 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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将“梯度与 成正比”写成微分方程。分离变量积分,再用两点同时求比例常数和积分常数。
答题过程
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Let the proportionality constant be . Then
On the branch through the given positive values, separate variables and integrate:
Substituting the two points,
Subtracting the first equation from the second gives , so . Substituting back gives . The required solution is .