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CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 35 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 35 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

(a) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation sec⁡(13x)=3e−x\sec\big(\frac13x\big)=3\mathrm{e}^{-x} has exactly one root in the interval 0<x<π0<x<\pi.

(2)

(b) The root is denoted by α\alpha. Show that 1<α<1.11<\alpha<1.1.

(2)

(c) Show that, if a sequence of positive values given by the formula

xn+1=ln⁡(3cos⁡(13xn))x_{n+1}=\ln\bigg(3\cos\bigg(\frac13x_n\bigg)\bigg)

converges, then it converges to α\alpha.

(2)

(d) Use this iterative formula, with initial value x1=1x_1=1, to calculate α\alpha correct to 33 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 55 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 通过画出合适的两个函数图像的草图,证明方程 sec⁡(13x)=3e−x\sec\big(\frac13x\big)=3\mathrm{e}^{-x} 在区间 0<x<π0<x<\pi 内恰有一个根。

(2)

(b) 将这个根记为 α\alpha。证明 1<α<1.11<\alpha<1.1。

(2)

(c) 证明:若由公式

xn+1=ln⁡(3cos⁡(13xn))x_{n+1}=\ln\bigg(3\cos\bigg(\frac13x_n\bigg)\bigg)

给出的正数数列收敛,则它收敛于 α\alpha。

(2)

(d) 使用这个迭代公式,以 x1=1x_1=1 为初始值,计算 α\alpha,答案精确到小数点后 33 位。每次迭代的结果保留小数点后 55 位。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

正割函数在这个区间递增,而指数函数递减。比较两端的高低位置,图像只能相交一次。

答题过程

展开

Sketch y=sec⁡(x/3)y=\sec(x/3) and y=3e−xy=3e^{-x} on 0<x<π0<x<\pi. Their limiting values at 00 are 11 and 33. At π\pi, the secant curve reaches 22, while 3e−π<13e^{-\pi}<1. The secant curve increases and the exponential curve decreases throughout the interval, so they have exactly one intersection.

(b)

解法一

思路

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计算两条曲线的差,并利用连续性检查根的两侧。

答题过程

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Put f(x)=sec⁡(x/3)−3e−xf(x)=\sec(x/3)-3e^{-x}. In radians,

f(1)=−0.0453890…<0,f(1.1)=0.0725924…>0.f(1)=-0.0453890\ldots<0,\qquad f(1.1)=0.0725924\ldots>0.

The function is continuous on [1,1.1][1,1.1], so 1<α<1.11<\alpha<1.1.

(c)

解法一

思路

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收敛时相邻两项极限相同。先去掉对数,再取倒数还原原方程。

答题过程

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If the positive sequence converges to LL, its terms after the first satisfy xn≤ln⁡3<πx_n\le\ln3<\pi. Continuity therefore gives

L= ln⁡(3cos⁡(L/3)),eL= 3cos⁡(L/3).\begin{align*} L=&\,\ln(3\cos(L/3)),\\[4mm] e^L=&\,3\cos(L/3). \end{align*}

The equation excludes L=0L=0. Since 0<L≤ln⁡3<π0<L\le\ln3<\pi, the cosine is positive. Taking reciprocals and multiplying by 33 gives

e−L= 13cos⁡(L/3),3e−L= sec⁡(L/3).\begin{align*} e^{-L}=&\,\frac1{3\cos(L/3)},\\[4mm] 3e^{-L}=&\,\sec(L/3). \end{align*}

Thus LL is the unique root α\alpha.

(d)

解法一

思路

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按指定的 x1=1x_1=1 开始,以弧度计算。保留内部精度,逐项记录五位小数。

答题过程

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The iterates are

nnxnx_n
111.000001.00000
221.042001.04200
331.037041.03704
441.037641.03764
551.037561.03756
661.037571.03757
771.037571.03757

Hence α=1.038\alpha=1.038 to three decimal places.