题目
(a) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation has exactly one root in the interval .
(b) The root is denoted by . Show that .
(c) Show that, if a sequence of positive values given by the formula
converges, then it converges to .
(d) Use this iterative formula, with initial value , to calculate correct to decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to decimal places.
题目中文翻译
(a) 通过画出合适的两个函数图像的草图,证明方程 在区间 内恰有一个根。
(b) 将这个根记为 。证明 。
(c) 证明:若由公式
给出的正数数列收敛,则它收敛于 。
(d) 使用这个迭代公式,以 为初始值,计算 ,答案精确到小数点后 位。每次迭代的结果保留小数点后 位。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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正割函数在这个区间递增,而指数函数递减。比较两端的高低位置,图像只能相交一次。
答题过程
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Sketch and on . Their limiting values at are and . At , the secant curve reaches , while . The secant curve increases and the exponential curve decreases throughout the interval, so they have exactly one intersection.
(b)
解法一
思路
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计算两条曲线的差,并利用连续性检查根的两侧。
答题过程
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Put . In radians,
The function is continuous on , so .
(c)
解法一
思路
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收敛时相邻两项极限相同。先去掉对数,再取倒数还原原方程。
答题过程
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If the positive sequence converges to , its terms after the first satisfy . Continuity therefore gives
The equation excludes . Since , the cosine is positive. Taking reciprocals and multiplying by gives
Thus is the unique root .
(d)
解法一
思路
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按指定的 开始,以弧度计算。保留内部精度,逐项记录五位小数。
答题过程
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The iterates are
Hence to three decimal places.