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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 33 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The curve with equation y=x3ex−1y=\dfrac{x^3}{\mathrm{e}^x-1} has a stationary point at x=px=p, where p>0p>0.

(a) Show that p=3(1−e−p)p=3(1-\mathrm{e}^{-p}).

(3)

(b) Verify by calculation that pp lies between 2.52.5 and 33.

(2)

(c) Use an iterative formula based on the equation in part (a) to determine pp correct to 22 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 44 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

方程为 y=x3ex−1y=\dfrac{x^3}{\mathrm{e}^x-1} 的曲线在 x=px=p 处有一个驻点,其中 p>0p>0。

(a) 证明 p=3(1−e−p)p=3(1-\mathrm{e}^{-p})。

(3)

(b) 通过计算验证 pp 位于 2.52.5 与 33 之间。

(2)

(c) 使用基于 (a) 问方程的迭代公式求 pp,结果保留 22 位小数。每次迭代的结果保留 44 位小数。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用商法则求导。因为驻点横坐标为正,可约去 p2p^2,再除以 epe^p 整理为目标形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating,

dydx=3x2(ex−1)−x3ex(ex−1)2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{3x^2(e^x-1)-x^3e^x}{(e^x-1)^2}.

At the stationary point x=p>0x=p>0,

3p2(ep−1)−p3ep=0.3p^2(e^p-1)-p^3e^p=0.

Dividing by p2ep>0p^2e^p>0,

3(1−e−p)−p=0.3(1-e^{-p})-p=0.

Therefore p=3(1−e−p)\boxed{p=3(1-e^{-p})}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

构造连续函数检验两端符号。区间内导数也可确认根唯一。

答题过程

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Let f(p)=3(1−e−p)−pf(p)=3(1-e^{-p})-p. Then

f(2.5)= 0.253745…>0,f(3)= −0.149361…<0.\begin{align*} f(2.5)=&\,0.253745\ldots>0,\\[4mm] f(3)=&\,-0.149361\ldots<0. \end{align*}

Since ff is continuous, it has a root between 2.52.5 and 33. Also f′(p)=3e−p−1<0f'(p)=3e^{-p}-1<0 on this interval, so the root there is unique. Thus 2.5<p<3\boxed{2.5<p<3}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

使用(a)给出的迭代形式,从区间内取初值,保留内部精度并显示四位小数。

答题过程

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Use

pn+1= 3(1−e−pn),p0= 2.5.\begin{align*} p_{n+1}=&\,3(1-e^{-p_n}),\\[4mm] p_0=&\,2.5. \end{align*}

The iterates are:

nnpnp_n to 4 decimal places
02.5000
12.7537
22.8089
32.8192
42.8210
52.8214
62.8214

Hence p=2.82\boxed{p=2.82} to 2 decimal places.