题目
Problem
The complex number u is defined by u=a−5i3+2i, where a is real.
(a) Express u in the Cartesian form x+iy, where x and y are in terms of a.
(3)
(b) Given that argu=41π, find the value of a.
(2)
题目中文翻译
复数 u 定义为 u=a−5i3+2i,其中 a 为实数。
(a) 将 u 表示为直角坐标形式 x+iy,其中 x 和 y 均用 a 表示。
(3)
(b) 已知 argu=41π,求 a 的值。
(2)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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分母含复数,用共轭 a+5i 化为实分母,再分开实部和虚部。
答题过程
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Multiplying numerator and denominator by a+5i,
u===(a−5i)(a+5i)(3+2i)(a+5i)a2+253a+15i+2ai+10i2a2+253a−10+ia2+252a+15.
解法二
思路
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也可以设商为 x+iy,清分母后比较实部和虚部,解二元一次方程。
答题过程
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Let u=x+iy. Then
3+2i==(a−5i)(x+iy)(ax+5y)+i(ay−5x).
Thus
ax+5y=−5x+ay=3,2.
Multiplying the first by a and subtracting five times the second,
(a2+25)x=3a−10.
Multiplying the second by a and adding five times the first,
(a2+25)y=2a+15.
Since a2+25>0,
u=a2+253a−10+ia2+252a+15.
(b)
解法一
思路
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辐角为 π/4 不仅要求实部等于虚部,还要求两者都为正。先解等式,再检查象限。
答题过程
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For argu=π/4, the real and imaginary parts must be equal and positive. From part (a),
a2+253a−10=a2+252a+15.
Thus
3a−10=2a+15,a=25.
At a=25,
Reu=Imu=65065=101>0,
so the argument is indeed π/4. Therefore a=25.