题目
Problem
The variables x and y satisfy the differential equation
e4xdxdy=cos23y.
It is given that y=0 when x=2.
Solve the differential equation, obtaining an expression for y in terms of x.
(7)
题目中文翻译
变量 x 和 y 满足微分方程
e4xdxdy=cos23y.
已知当 x=2 时,y=0。
解此微分方程,得到用 x 表示 y 的表达式。
(7)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
解法一
思路
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分离变量后,左侧用 sec2(3y) 积分,右侧积分指数函数。反正切有多个分支,要选通过初值 y=0 的分支。
答题过程
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Separating variables on the branch through y=0,
sec2(3y)dy=e−4xdx.
Since d(tan3y)/dy=3sec2(3y) and
d(e−4x)/dx=−4e−4x, integration gives
31tan3y=−41e−4x+C.
Using y=0 when x=2,
0=C=−41e−8+C,41e−8.
Thus
tan3y=43(e−8−e−4x).
The branch containing the initial point has −π/2<3y<π/2. Hence
y=31tan−1(43e−8−43e−4x).