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CIE 9709 2024 November Paper 31 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2024 Nov Paper 31 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

(a) Given that z=1+yiz=1+y\mathrm{i} and that yy is a real number, express 1z\frac1z in the form a+bia+b\mathrm{i}, where aa and bb are functions of yy.

(2)

(b) Show that (a−12)2+b2=14\big(a-\frac12\big)^2+b^2=\frac14, where aa and bb are the functions of yy found in part (a).

(3)

(c) On a single Argand diagram, sketch the loci given by the equations Re⁡(z)=1\operatorname{Re}(z)=1 and ∣z−12∣=12\big|z-\frac12\big|=\frac12, where zz is a complex number.

(3)

(d) The complex number zz is such that Re⁡(z)=1\operatorname{Re}(z)=1. Use your answer to part (b) to give a geometrical description of the locus of 1z\frac1z.

(1)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知 z=1+yiz=1+y\mathrm{i} 且 yy 为实数,将 1z\frac1z 表示为 a+bia+b\mathrm{i} 的形式,其中 aa 和 bb 为 yy 的函数。

(2)

(b) 证明 (a−12)2+b2=14\big(a-\frac12\big)^2+b^2=\frac14,其中 aa 和 bb 为 (a) 问中求得的 yy 的函数。

(3)

(c) 在同一个 Argand 图中,画出由方程 Re⁡(z)=1\operatorname{Re}(z)=1 和 ∣z−12∣=12\big|z-\frac12\big|=\frac12 给出的轨迹的草图,其中 zz 为复数。

(3)

(d) 复数 zz 满足 Re⁡(z)=1\operatorname{Re}(z)=1。利用 (b) 问的答案,给出 1z\frac1z 的轨迹的几何描述。

(1)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

乘分母共轭,把分母化为实数。

答题过程

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Since z=1+yiz=1+y\mathrm{i},

1z= 1−yi(1+yi)(1−yi)= 11+y2−y1+y2i.\begin{align*} \frac1z=&\,\frac{1-y\mathrm{i}}{(1+y\mathrm{i})(1-y\mathrm{i})}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac1{1+y^2}-\frac{y}{1+y^2}\mathrm{i}}. \end{align*}

Thus a=1/(1+y2)a=1/(1+y^2) and b=−y/(1+y2)b=-y/(1+y^2).

(b)

解法一

思路

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把(a)的两个函数代入,先合并 a2+b2a^2+b^2,再完成平方。

答题过程

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Using (a),

a2+b2= 1+y2(1+y2)2= 11+y2=a.\begin{align*} a^2+b^2=&\,\frac{1+y^2}{(1+y^2)^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac1{1+y^2}=a. \end{align*}

Therefore

(a−12)2+b2= a2−a+14+b2= (a2+b2)−a+14= 14.\begin{align*} \bigg(a-\frac12\bigg)^2+b^2 =&\,a^2-a+\frac14+b^2\\ =&\,(a^2+b^2)-a+\frac14\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac14}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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竖直直线由固定实部确定,圆由实轴上的圆心及半径确定。这里题目单独要求的两个完整轨迹都要画出。

答题过程

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On one Argand diagram, draw

  • the vertical line Re⁡z=1\operatorname{Re}z=1, through 1+0i1+0\mathrm{i};
  • the circle with centre (1/2,0)(1/2,0) and radius 1/21/2.

The circle passes through 00 and 11 and is tangent to the vertical line at (1,0)(1,0).

(d)

解法一

思路

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用(b)确定所在圆,再注意倒数不可能为零。也可用反向构造验证圆上其余点都能取到。

答题过程

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By (b), the locus of 1/z1/z is the circle with centre (1/2,0)(1/2,0) and radius 1/21/2, excluding the origin because 1/z≠01/z\ne0.

Conversely, on this circle any nonzero point w=a+biw=a+b\mathrm{i} has a2+b2=a>0a^2+b^2=a>0. Choosing y=−b/ay=-b/a gives w=1/(1+yi)w=1/(1+y\mathrm{i}).

Thus every other point of the circle is attained, so the locus is

∣w−12∣=12,w≠0.\boxed{|w-\tfrac12|=\tfrac12,\qquad w\ne0}.