题目
Problem
A water tank is in the shape of a cuboid with base area 40000 cm2. At time t minutes the depth of water in the tank is h cm. Water is pumped into the tank at a rate of 50000 cm3 per minute. Water is leaking out of the tank through a hole in the bottom at a rate of 600h cm3 per minute.
(a) Show that 200dtdh=250−3h.
(3)
(b) It is given that when t=0, h=50.
Find the time taken for the depth of water in the tank to reach 80 cm. Give your answer correct to 2 significant figures.
(5)
题目中文翻译
一个长方体水箱的底面积为 40000 cm2。在时刻 t 分钟,水箱内的水深为 h cm。水以每分钟 50000 cm3 的速率被泵入水箱。同时,水通过水箱底部的一个孔,以每分钟 600h cm3 的速率漏出。
(a) 证明 200dtdh=250−3h。
(3)
(b) 已知当 t=0 时,h=50。
求水箱内的水深达到 80 cm 所需的时间。答案保留 2 位有效数字。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
用底面积把体积写成水深的函数,再以流入减流出表示净变化率。
答题过程
展开
The volume is V=40000h, so
dtdV=40000dtdh.
The net inflow rate is
dtdV=50000−600h.
Equating these expressions and dividing by 200,
200dtdh=250−3h.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
分离变量后积分,初值确定常数。目标水深低于平衡深度,所以所用对数真数为正。
答题过程
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Separating variables,
250−3h1dh=2001dt.
Using ∫(250−3h)−1dh=−31ln∣250−3h∣+C1, the separated equation integrates to
−31ln∣250−3h∣=200t+C.
Using h=50 at t=0 gives C=−31ln100.
For 50⩽h⩽80<250/3, 250−3h>0. Hence
t=3200ln250−3h100.
When h=80,
t=3200ln10=153.505….
To 2 significant figures, the required time is 150 minutes.