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CIE 9709 2024 November Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2024 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The number of bacteria in a population, PP, at time tt hours is modelled by the equation P=aektP=a\mathrm{e}^{kt}, where aa and kk are constants. The graph of ln⁡P\ln P against tt, shown in the diagram, has gradient 120\frac1{20} and intersects the vertical axis at (0,3)(0,3).

(a) State the value of kk and find the value of aa correct to 22 significant figures.

(3)

(b) Find the time taken for PP to double. Give your answer correct to the nearest hour.

(2)
题目中文翻译

在时刻 tt 小时,一个种群中的细菌数量 PP 用方程 P=aektP=a\mathrm{e}^{kt} 建模,其中 aa 和 kk 为常数。图中所示的 ln⁡P\ln P 对 tt 的图像的斜率为 120\frac1{20},并与纵轴相交于 (0,3)(0,3)。

(a) 写出 kk 的值,并求 aa 的值,结果保留 22 位有效数字。

(3)

(b) 求 PP 翻倍所需的时间。答案四舍五入至最接近的整小时。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取对数后,图的斜率就是 kk,纵截距是 ln⁡a\ln a。

答题过程

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Taking logarithms,

ln⁡P=ln⁡a+kt.\ln P=\ln a+kt.

Thus the gradient gives k=120\boxed{k=\frac1{20}}, and the intercept gives

ln⁡a=3⟹a=e3=20.0855….\ln a=3 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad a=e^3=20.0855\ldots.

Therefore a=20\boxed{a=20} to 2 significant figures.

(b)

解法一

思路

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比较相隔一段时间的两个数量,比例中的初始常数会消去。

答题过程

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If the doubling time is TT hours,

P(t+T)P(t)=ekT=2.\frac{P(t+T)}{P(t)}=e^{kT}=2.

Hence

T=ln⁡2k=20ln⁡2=13.8629….T=\frac{\ln2}{k}=20\ln2=13.8629\ldots.

The time to the nearest hour is 14 hours\boxed{14\text{ hours}}.