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CIE 9709 2025 November Paper 31 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 Nov Paper 31 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The variables xx and yy satisfy the differential equation

(x2+1)dydx=kxe2y,(x^2+1)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=kx\mathrm{e}^{2y},

where kk is a constant. It is given that y=0y=0 when x=0x=0 and that y=−12y=-\frac12 when x=1x=1.

Solve the differential equation and find the exact value of yy when x=3x=\sqrt3.

(8)
题目中文翻译

变量 xx 和 yy 满足微分方程

(x2+1)dydx=kxe2y,(x^2+1)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=kx\mathrm{e}^{2y},

其中 kk 为常数。已知当 x=0x=0 时,y=0y=0;当 x=1x=1 时,y=−12y=-\frac12。

解这个微分方程,并求当 x=3x=\sqrt3 时 yy 的精确值。

(8)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

解法一

思路

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分离变量后分别积分。第一个条件确定积分常数,第二个条件确定 kk,最后代入目标 xx 并用对数法则化简。

答题过程

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Separating variables,

e−2y dy=kx1+x2 dx.e^{-2y}\,\mathrm{d}y=\frac{kx}{1+x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Using ∫e−2y dy=−12e−2y+C1\int e^{-2y}\,\mathrm{d}y=-\tfrac12e^{-2y}+C_1 and the substitution u=1+x2u=1+x^2 on the right, integration gives

−12e−2y=k2ln⁡(1+x2)+C.-\frac12e^{-2y}=\frac{k}{2}\ln(1+x^2)+C.

Using x=0x=0, y=0y=0 gives C=−1/2C=-1/2. Thus

e−2y=1−kln⁡(1+x2).e^{-2y}=1-k\ln(1+x^2).

Now use x=1x=1, y=−1/2y=-1/2:

e=1−kln⁡2⟹k=1−eln⁡2.e=1-k\ln2 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad k=\frac{1-e}{\ln2}.

Therefore

y=−12ln⁡(1+e−1ln⁡2ln⁡(1+x2)).y=-\frac12\ln\bigg(1+\frac{e-1}{\ln2}\ln(1+x^2)\bigg).

The logarithmic argument is positive for all real xx. At x=3x=\sqrt3, ln⁡(1+x2)=ln⁡4=2ln⁡2\ln(1+x^2)=\ln4=2\ln2, so

e−2y=1+2(e−1)=2e−1.e^{-2y}=1+2(e-1)=2e-1.

Hence

y=−12ln⁡(2e−1).\boxed{y=-\frac12\ln(2e-1)}.